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基于联盟链的车载电子证据保全及其访问控制

邵鑫1,陈自刚2,杨兴春3,朱海华2,罗文俊2,陈龙2,周由胜2   

  1. 1. 重庆邮电大学 计算机科学与技术学院 2. 重庆邮电大学 网络空间安全与信息法学院 3. 智能警务四川省重点实验室（四川警察学院）
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-13 修回日期:2024-05-14 发布日期:2025-03-12 出版日期:2025-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 陈自刚
  • 作者简介:邵鑫（1998—），男，四川成都人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：汽车安全、区块链； 陈自刚（1978—），男，河南漯河人，副教授，博士，主要研究方向：物联网安全、汽车安全； 杨兴春（1975—），男，四川泸州人，教授，博士，CCF 会员，主要研究方向：信息安全、数据挖掘；朱海华（1978—），女，河南南阳人，副教授，博士，主要研究方向：汽车安全、量子图像； 罗文俊（1966—），男，重庆人，教授，博士，主要研究方向： 网络空间安全、密码学； 陈龙（1970—），男，重庆人，教授，博士，主要研究方向：计算机取证、网络安全； 周由胜（1979—），男，湖北恩施人，教授，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、网络安全。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（62272076）；智能警务四川省重点实验室开放课题资助项目（ZNJW2023KFMS009）

Vehicular digital evidence preservation and access control based on consortium blockchain#br#

SHAO Xin1，CHEN Zigang2，YANG Xingchun3，ZHU Haihua2，LUO Wenjun2，CHEN Long2，ZHOU Yousheng2   

  1. 1. School of Computer Science and Technology， Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 2. School of Cyber Security and Information Law， Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 3. Intelligent Policing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province （Sichuan Police College）
  • Received:2024-03-13 Revised:2024-05-14 Online:2025-03-12 Published:2025-03-12
  • About author:SHAO Xin，born in 1998，M. S. candidate. His research interests include vehicle security，blockchain. CHEN Zigang，born in 1978，Ph. D.，associate professor. His research interests include internet of things security，vehicle security. YANG Xingchun，born in 1975，Ph. D.，professor. His research interests include information security，data mining. ZHU Haihua，born in 1978，Ph. D.，associate professor. Her research interests include vehicle security，quantum image. LUO Wenjun，born in 1966，Ph. D.，professor. His research interests include cyber security，cryptography. CHEN Long， born in 1970， Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include computer forensics，network security. ZHOU Yousheng，born in 1979，Ph. D.，professor. His research interests include blockchain，network security.
  • Supported by:
    This work is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（62272076），Opening Project of Intelligent Policing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province（ZNJW2023KFMS009）

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摘要： 在当今社会中，频发的汽车交通事故依然是一个严峻的现实问题。为了确保车载电子证据的可信保全和
合法使用，必须采取先进的安全技术手段和严格的访问控制机制。针对车载设备电子证据的保全与共享需求，提出
一种基于联盟链的证据保全及访问控制方案。首先，基于联盟链技术和星际文件系统（IPFS）实现电子证据的链上链
下存储，并通过对称密钥保证证据的机密性以及哈希值验证证据的完整性；其次，在电子证据的上传、管理和下载过
程中，引入融合属性和角色的访问控制机制，以实现细粒度和动态的访问控制管理，从而确保证据的合法访问与共
享；最后，进行方案对比与性能分析。实验结果表明，所提方案具备机密性、完整性和不可否认性，并且在高并发请求
数的情况下具有稳定性。

关键词: 电子证据, 证据保全, 联盟链, 星际文件系统, 访问控制

Abstract: In today's society，the issue of frequent vehicle traffic accidents is still a serious practical problem. In order
to ensure the trusted preservation and legal use of vehicle digital evidence，it is necessary to adopt advanced security
technologies and strict access control mechanisms. Aiming at the preservation and sharing requirements of digital evidence
on vehicle devices，an evidence preservation and access control scheme based on consortium blockchain was proposed.
Firstly，based on consortium blockchain technology and InterPlanetary File System（IPFS），on-chain and off-chain storage of
the digital evidence was realized，while confidentiality of the evidence was guaranteed by symmetric key and integrity of the
evidence was verified by hash value. Secondly，in the process of uploading，managing and downloading the digital evidence，
an access control mechanism combining attributes and roles was introduced to realize fine-grained and dynamic access
control management，thereby ensuring legal access and sharing of the evidence. Finally，comparison and performance
analysis of the schemes were conducted. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has confidentiality，integrity
and non-repudiation with stability in the case of large number of concurrent requests.

Key words: digital evidence, evidence preservation, consortium blockchain, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS);
access control

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