关键词: 区块链, 去中心化科学, 去中心化自治组织, 科学生态, 科研管理

Abstract: With the rapid development and widespread application of emerging technologies such as blockchain, the Decentralized Science (DeSci) movement was initiated to improve the traditional centralized scientific system and build an open and inclusive scientific autonomous ecosystem. To address challenges in the centralized scientific system, including issues in information circulation, resource allocation, and evaluation mechanisms, the operational mechanisms of decentralized scientific systems based on blockchain were reviewed. First, the concept of decentralized science and its current applications were introduced. Second, a literature review on decentralized science was conducted, and the operational mechanisms of scientific systems were classified into four aspects—asset management, token economy, organizational governance, and trust building—based on economic and social dimensions. The current state of the scientific system and the advantages of blockchain technology in addressing existing limitations were summarized accordingly. Furthermore, the operational mechanisms of decentralized scientific systems based on blockchain and related technologies were analyzed in detail. Finally, the future decentralized scientific ecosystem was explored from the perspective of the entire scientific research process, with challenges and opportunities faced by decentralized scientific system practices discussed. The review suggests that blockchain-based decentralized science systems hold the potential to enhance the existing scientific framework, and their operational mechanisms provide both a theoretical foundation and practical insights for developing an autonomous scientific ecosystem.

Key words: blockchain, Decentralized Science (DeSci), Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), scientific ecosystem, scientific research organization