《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 3407-3415.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024121847

• 第七届CCF中国区块链技术大会 •    

基于区块链的去中心化科学系统运行机制综述

彭宇琪, 陈娇龙, 颜嘉麒()   

  1. 南京大学 信息管理学院,南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02 修回日期:2025-02-19 接受日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-03-20 出版日期:2025-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 颜嘉麒
  • 作者简介:彭宇琪(2001—),女,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:区块链、区块链监管
    陈娇龙(2001—),女,辽宁沈阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:区块链、区块链社交网络
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72171115);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX24_0019)

Review of operational mechanisms for blockchain-based decentralized science systems

Yuqi PENG, Jiaolong CHEN, Jiaqi YAN()   

  1. School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China
  • Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-02-19 Accepted:2025-02-25 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-11-10
  • Contact: Jiaqi YAN
  • About author:PENG Yuqi, born in 2001, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include blockchain, blockchain supervision.
    CHEN Jiaolong, born in 2001, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include blockchain, blockchain social network.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(72171115);Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX24_0019)

摘要:

随着区块链等新兴技术的快速发展和广泛应用,去中心化科学(DeSci)运动兴起,旨在改善传统集中式科学系统,进而构建开放包容的科学自治生态。针对集中式科学系统在信息流通、资源分配和评价机制等方面存在的问题,综述了基于区块链的DeSci系统运行机制。首先,介绍了DeSci的概念及其应用现状;其次,对DeSci进行文献调研,从经济和社会2个维度出发,将科学系统运行机制划分为资产管理、通证经济、组织治理和信任建构4个方面,并按照分类总结科学系统的现状和区块链技术改善科学系统的优势;再次,分类综述了基于区块链及相关技术的DeSci系统的运行机制;最后,从科研全流程的角度展望DeSci生态,并总结了DeSci系统实践面临的挑战和未来发展机遇。综述表明,基于区块链的DeSci系统有潜力改善现有科学体系,它的运行机制能够为构建科学自治生态提供理论依据和实践方向。

关键词: 区块链, 去中心化科学, 去中心化自治组织, 科学生态, 科研管理

Abstract:

With the rapid development and widespread application of emerging technologies such as blockchain, the Decentralized Science (DeSci) movement has emerged, aiming to improve the traditional centralized scientific system and build an open and inclusive autonomous scientific ecosystem. To address challenges in the centralized scientific system, including issues in information flow, resource allocation, and evaluation mechanisms, the operational mechanisms of blockchain-based DeSci system were reviewed. Firstly, the concept of DeSci and its current applications were introduced. Secondly, through a literature review of DeSci, the operational mechanisms of scientific systems were classified into four aspects — asset management, token economics, organizational governance, and trust construction — from both economic and social perspectives. The current state of the scientific system and the advantages of blockchain technology in addressing existing limitations were summarized according to these categories. Next, the operational mechanisms of decentralized scientific systems based on blockchain and related technologies were analyzed in detail. Finally, the future decentralized scientific ecosystem was explored from the perspective of the entire scientific research process, with challenges and future opportunities faced by decentralized scientific system practices discussed. The review suggests that blockchain-based DeSci systems have the potential to enhance the existing scientific framework, and their operational mechanisms can provide both theoretical foundation and practical directions for developing an autonomous scientific ecosystem.

Key words: blockchain, Decentralized Science (DeSci), Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), scientific ecosystem, scientific research organization

中图分类号: