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基于深度学习的STAR-RIS辅助混合场通信系统信道估计

郭晓金,隋旭洋,周柯男   

  1. 重庆邮电大学
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-31 修回日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-11-05 出版日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 隋旭洋

Channel estimation of STAR-RIS assisted mixed-field communication system based on deep learning

  • Received:2025-07-31 Revised:2025-09-25 Online:2025-11-05 Published:2025-11-05

摘要: 针对同时透射与反射智能表面(STAR-RIS)辅助混合场通信系统在信道估计中面临的导频开销高、精度低的问题,提出一种基于多尺度特征感知融合的超分重建信道估计网络(MFSRN)。该网络将信道估计问题建模为信道矩阵的重建任务,首先从上采样的信道矩阵中提取公共特征,随后利用注意力门限分离各用户特定信道特征,最终并行地完成多用户信道矩阵的重建。为提升网络性能,设计了增强卷积模块(ECB)和双流特征感知模块(DSFA)以有效提取混合场信道的局部和全局特征,并引入特征金字塔注意力模块(FPA)以增强模型对多尺度特征的聚合能力。实验结果表明,所提方案在实现更低导频开销同时,与经典的DRSN和U-MLP方案相比,归一化均方误差(NMSE)在不同信噪比(SNR)下平均降低了3.62 dB和1.28 dB,表现出更好的估计性能。

Abstract: To address the problems of high pilot overhead and low accuracy in channel estimation for Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Intelligent Surface (STAR-RIS) assisted mixed-field communication systems, a Multi-scale Feature-Aware Fusion Super Resolution Network (MFSRN) was proposed. Channel estimation problem was modeled as a matrix reconstruction task, firstly, common features were extracted from an upsampled channel matrix. Then, an attention gate was utilized to separate user-specific channel features, finally, reconstruction of multi-user channel matrices was completed in parallel. To enhance network performance, an Enhanced Convolution Block (ECB) and a Dual-Stream Feature-Aware (DSFA) module were designed to effectively extract both local and global features of mixed-field channel. Furthermore, a Feature Pyramid Attention (FPA) module was introduced to strengthen model's capability for multi-scale feature aggregation. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with classic DRSN and U-MLP schemes, proposed scheme achieves a lower pilot overhead while Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) is reduced by an average of 3.62 dB and 1.28 dB respectively at different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR), shows better estimation performance.

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