《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 3307-3316.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025091115
• 多媒体计算与计算机仿真 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-09-25
修回日期:2025-12-24
接受日期:2025-12-29
发布日期:2026-03-13
出版日期:2026-10-10
通讯作者:
郑伯川
作者简介:李雨希(2000—),男,四川遂宁人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:机器学习、深度学习、目标计数基金资助:
Yuxi LI1, Yaying WANG1, Shiqin TIAN2, Bochuan ZHENG1,3(
)
Received:2025-09-25
Revised:2025-12-24
Accepted:2025-12-29
Online:2026-03-13
Published:2026-10-10
Contact:
Bochuan ZHENG
About author:LI Yuxi, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. His research interests include machine learning, deep learning, object counting.Supported by:摘要:
基于卷积神经网络(CNN)与Transformer的谷穗计数方法存在长距离依赖关系建模困难、计算效率低以及密度误报与密度漏报的问题。为了解决这些问题,提出名为PCLMamba的谷穗计数方法。PCLMamba是一个基于分割引导与频域增强的轻量Mamba网络。首先,通过引入分组的多方向状态空间模型(GDMM)分组处理图像序列且并行地送入不同顺序的选择性扫描中,轻量且高效地捕获长距离依赖关系;其次,利用通道注意力融合模块(CAFM)融合局部特征与全局扫描特征;最后,为了解决密度误报与密度漏报的问题,设计分割模块(Segmenter)提供先验知识,以抑制背景和增强前景;同时,设计频域空间域增强(FSE)模块将中间特征在空域与频域上进行增强处理,进一步提高计数精度。实验结果表明,PCLMamba在MTC、WED和SHC数据集上的平均绝对误差(MAE)分别为4.4、4.2和15.4,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为7.7、5.3和18.3。在WED数据集上,与CountMamba相比,MAE、RMSE分别降低20.8%和18.5%;在MTC数据集上,与参数量相近的TasselNet相比,MAE、RMSE分别降低33.3%和22.2%。PCLMamba在较低参数量下提高了谷穗计数精度,为状态空间模型应用于密集作物计数提供了可行的轻量化路径,为智慧农业中的田间谷穗自动计数提供了技术支持。
中图分类号:
李雨希, 王雅莹, 田诗芹, 郑伯川. 基于分割引导和频域增强的轻量级谷穗计数网络[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(10): 3307-3316.
Yuxi LI, Yaying WANG, Shiqin TIAN, Bochuan ZHENG. Lightweight network based on segmentation guidance and frequency domain enhancement for wheat ear counting[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(10): 3307-3316.
| 层 | 卷积参数 | 池化参数 |
|---|---|---|
| Conv+BN+ReLU+Maxpool | k=3; s=1; p=1 | s=2 |
| Conv+BN+ReLU+Maxpool | k=3; s=1; p=1 | s=2 |
| Conv+BN+ReLU+Maxpool | k=3; s=1; p=1 | s=2 |
| Conv+BN+ReLU | k=3; s=1; p=1 | — |
| Conv+BN+ReLU | k=3; s=1; p=1 | — |
表1 CNN分支的参数
Tab. 1 Parameters of CNN branches
| 层 | 卷积参数 | 池化参数 |
|---|---|---|
| Conv+BN+ReLU+Maxpool | k=3; s=1; p=1 | s=2 |
| Conv+BN+ReLU+Maxpool | k=3; s=1; p=1 | s=2 |
| Conv+BN+ReLU+Maxpool | k=3; s=1; p=1 | s=2 |
| Conv+BN+ReLU | k=3; s=1; p=1 | — |
| Conv+BN+ReLU | k=3; s=1; p=1 | — |
| 骨干网络 | 方法 | MTC | WED | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 | 参数量/106 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 | ||
| CNN | MCNN[ | 17.9 | 21.9 | 273.4 | 692.5 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 11.5 | 15.6 | 8.4 | 11.0 | 0.38 |
| CSRNet[ | 6.9 | 11.5 | 77.8 | 190.3 | 16.3 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 0.94 | |||
| SANet[ | 5.1 | 11.4 | 28.7 | 60.9 | — | 0.9 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 5.0 | — | |
| BCNet[ | 5.2 | 9.2 | 31.8 | 62.5 | 0.88 | 14.8 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 0.94 | |
| SFC2Net[ | 5.0 | 9.4 | 17.7 | 24.6 | 0.89 | 8.3 | 4.2 | 0.93 | ||||
| TasselNet[ | 6.6 | 9.9 | 44.8 | 89.9 | 0.87 | 6.8 | 8.3 | — | 7.1 | |||
| TasselNetV2[ | 5.4 | 9.2 | 31.9 | 69.5 | 0.89 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 0.90 | ||
| TasselNetV2+[ | 5.1 | 9.1 | — | — | 0.89 | — | 4.9 | 6.1 | — | 4.6 | 0.91 | |
| TasselNetV2+ † | 4.9 | 8.5 | 25.8 | 46.4 | 0.90 | — | 4.8 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 0.91 | |
| STEERER[ | 5.4 | 8.1 | 44.7 | 107.0 | 0.89 | — | 5.8 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 0.89 | |
| Mamba | CountMamba[ | 26.2 | 40.9 | 0.92 | — | 5.3 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 0.89 | ||
| PCLMamba | 4.4 | 7.7 | 0.92 | 5.3 | ||||||||
表2 不同方法在MTC和WED数据集上的性能对比
Tab. 2 Performance comparison of different methods on MTC and WED datasets
| 骨干网络 | 方法 | MTC | WED | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 | 参数量/106 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 | ||
| CNN | MCNN[ | 17.9 | 21.9 | 273.4 | 692.5 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 11.5 | 15.6 | 8.4 | 11.0 | 0.38 |
| CSRNet[ | 6.9 | 11.5 | 77.8 | 190.3 | 16.3 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 0.94 | |||
| SANet[ | 5.1 | 11.4 | 28.7 | 60.9 | — | 0.9 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 5.0 | — | |
| BCNet[ | 5.2 | 9.2 | 31.8 | 62.5 | 0.88 | 14.8 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 0.94 | |
| SFC2Net[ | 5.0 | 9.4 | 17.7 | 24.6 | 0.89 | 8.3 | 4.2 | 0.93 | ||||
| TasselNet[ | 6.6 | 9.9 | 44.8 | 89.9 | 0.87 | 6.8 | 8.3 | — | 7.1 | |||
| TasselNetV2[ | 5.4 | 9.2 | 31.9 | 69.5 | 0.89 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 0.90 | ||
| TasselNetV2+[ | 5.1 | 9.1 | — | — | 0.89 | — | 4.9 | 6.1 | — | 4.6 | 0.91 | |
| TasselNetV2+ † | 4.9 | 8.5 | 25.8 | 46.4 | 0.90 | — | 4.8 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 0.91 | |
| STEERER[ | 5.4 | 8.1 | 44.7 | 107.0 | 0.89 | — | 5.8 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 0.89 | |
| Mamba | CountMamba[ | 26.2 | 40.9 | 0.92 | — | 5.3 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 0.89 | ||
| PCLMamba | 4.4 | 7.7 | 0.92 | 5.3 | ||||||||
| 骨干网络 | 方法 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNN | TasselNetV2[ | 18.0 | 21.3 | — | — | 0.96 |
| TasselNetV2+[ | 17.5 | 20.6 | — | — | 0.96 | |
| TasselNetV2+† | 21.4 | 23.7 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 0.94 | |
| STEERER[ | 19.2 | 3.9 | ||||
| Mamba | CountMamba[ | 15.9 | 3.7 | 0.96 | ||
| PCLMamba | 15.4 | 18.3 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 0.96 |
表3 不同方法在SHC数据集上的性能对比
Tab. 3 Performance comparison of different methods on SHC dataset
| 骨干网络 | 方法 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNN | TasselNetV2[ | 18.0 | 21.3 | — | — | 0.96 |
| TasselNetV2+[ | 17.5 | 20.6 | — | — | 0.96 | |
| TasselNetV2+† | 21.4 | 23.7 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 0.94 | |
| STEERER[ | 19.2 | 3.9 | ||||
| Mamba | CountMamba[ | 15.9 | 3.7 | 0.96 | ||
| PCLMamba | 15.4 | 18.3 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 0.96 |
| 骨干网络 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 | 参数量/106 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EfficientNet[ | 5.8 | 11.0 | 0.85 | |||
| MobileNet[ | 5.9 | 10.0 | 37.8 | 73.9 | 0.86 | 0.12 |
| ShuffleNet[ | 38.2 | 94.7 | 0.86 | 0.27 | ||
| GhostNet[ | 6.1 | 11.4 | 27.1 | 44.5 | 0.05 | |
| Transformer[ | 11.1 | 17.6 | 58.1 | 106.8 | 0.61 | 0.28 |
| GDMM | 5.1 | 8.0 | 34.7 | 76.0 | 0.89 | 0.15 |
表4 不同骨干网络在MTC数据集上的性能对比
Tab. 4 Performance comparison of different backbone networks on MTC dataset
| 骨干网络 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 | 参数量/106 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EfficientNet[ | 5.8 | 11.0 | 0.85 | |||
| MobileNet[ | 5.9 | 10.0 | 37.8 | 73.9 | 0.86 | 0.12 |
| ShuffleNet[ | 38.2 | 94.7 | 0.86 | 0.27 | ||
| GhostNet[ | 6.1 | 11.4 | 27.1 | 44.5 | 0.05 | |
| Transformer[ | 11.1 | 17.6 | 58.1 | 106.8 | 0.61 | 0.28 |
| GDMM | 5.1 | 8.0 | 34.7 | 76.0 | 0.89 | 0.15 |
| [L1,L2,L3,L4] | 计算复杂度/GFLOPs | 参数量/106 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [2,2,9,2] | 1.90 | 720.00 | 4.8 | 7.4 | 32.1 | 92.2 | 0.92 |
| [2,2,2,2] | 1.40 | 0.60 | 4.7 | 8.0 | 21.3 | 34.5 | 0.91 |
| [1,1,2,1] | 1.18 | 0.52 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 0.92 |
表5 在MTC数据集上[L1,L2,L3,L4]的消融实验结果
Tab. 5 Ablation study results of [L1,L2,L3,L4] on MTC dataset
| [L1,L2,L3,L4] | 计算复杂度/GFLOPs | 参数量/106 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [2,2,9,2] | 1.90 | 720.00 | 4.8 | 7.4 | 32.1 | 92.2 | 0.92 |
| [2,2,2,2] | 1.40 | 0.60 | 4.7 | 8.0 | 21.3 | 34.5 | 0.91 |
| [1,1,2,1] | 1.18 | 0.52 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 0.92 |
| 扫描策略 | 扫描路径数 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDSS w/4 Di | 4 | 4.9 | 9.0 | 25.2 | 44.7 | 0.89 |
| GDSS w/4 Zi | 4 | 4.8 | 8.4 | 29.0 | 57.6 | |
| GDSS w/4 Hi | 4 | 4.5 | 8.1 | 20.6 | 33.8 | 0.91 |
| GDSS w/4 Zo | 4 | 4.6 | 28.0 | 59.7 | 0.92 | |
| GDSS w/8 Di | 8 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 0.92 |
| GDSS w/8 Zi | 8 | 4.5 | 8.3 | 0.91 | ||
| GDSS w/8 Hi | 8 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 32.8 | 71.3 | 0.91 |
| GDSS w/8 Zo | 8 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 32.7 | 73.2 | 0.92 |
表6 在MTC数据集上扫描策略的消融实验结果
Tab. 6 Ablation study results of scan strategies on MTC dataset
| 扫描策略 | 扫描路径数 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDSS w/4 Di | 4 | 4.9 | 9.0 | 25.2 | 44.7 | 0.89 |
| GDSS w/4 Zi | 4 | 4.8 | 8.4 | 29.0 | 57.6 | |
| GDSS w/4 Hi | 4 | 4.5 | 8.1 | 20.6 | 33.8 | 0.91 |
| GDSS w/4 Zo | 4 | 4.6 | 28.0 | 59.7 | 0.92 | |
| GDSS w/8 Di | 8 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 0.92 |
| GDSS w/8 Zi | 8 | 4.5 | 8.3 | 0.91 | ||
| GDSS w/8 Hi | 8 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 32.8 | 71.3 | 0.91 |
| GDSS w/8 Zo | 8 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 32.7 | 73.2 | 0.92 |
| GDMM | CAFM | SEG | FSE | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.3 | 8.8 | 31.4 | 61.7 | 0.89 | ||||
| ✓ | 5.1 | 8.0 | 34.7 | 76.0 | 0.89 | |||
| ✓ | ✓ | 4.9 | 8.1 | 28.8 | 54.9 | 0.90 | ||
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4.6 | 8.3 | 23.4 | 43.3 | 0.91 | |
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4.4 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 0.92 |
表7 在MTC数据集上各个模块的消融实验结果
Tab. 7 Ablation study results of various components on MTC dataset
| GDMM | CAFM | SEG | FSE | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.3 | 8.8 | 31.4 | 61.7 | 0.89 | ||||
| ✓ | 5.1 | 8.0 | 34.7 | 76.0 | 0.89 | |||
| ✓ | ✓ | 4.9 | 8.1 | 28.8 | 54.9 | 0.90 | ||
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4.6 | 8.3 | 23.4 | 43.3 | 0.91 | |
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4.4 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 0.92 |
| 组件 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| w/o split | 4.6 | 8.3 | 19.7 | 29.3 | 0.91 |
| w/ split | 4.4 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 0.92 |
表8 在MTC数据集上FSE的消融实验结果
Tab. 8 Ablation study results of FSE on MTC dataset
| 组件 | MAE | RMSE | rMAE/% | rRMSE/% | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| w/o split | 4.6 | 8.3 | 19.7 | 29.3 | 0.91 |
| w/ split | 4.4 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 0.92 |
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