《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 3307-3316.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025091115

• 多媒体计算与计算机仿真 • 上一篇    

基于分割引导和频域增强的轻量级谷穗计数网络

李雨希1, 王雅莹1, 田诗芹2, 郑伯川1,3()   

  1. 1.西华师范大学 计算机学院,四川 南充 637009
    2.西华师范大学 数学科学学院,四川 南充 637002
    3.西华师范大学 人工智能研究所,四川 南充 637009
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25 修回日期:2025-12-24 接受日期:2025-12-29 发布日期:2026-03-13 出版日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 郑伯川
  • 作者简介:李雨希(2000—),男,四川遂宁人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:机器学习、深度学习、目标计数
    王雅莹(2002—),女,四川资阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:机器学习、深度学习、目标计数
    田诗芹(2001—),女,四川成都人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:机器学习、深度学习、图像分割
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(62176217)

Lightweight network based on segmentation guidance and frequency domain enhancement for wheat ear counting

Yuxi LI1, Yaying WANG1, Shiqin TIAN2, Bochuan ZHENG1,3()   

  1. 1.School of Computer Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong Sichuan 637009,China
    2.School of Mathematics Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong Sichuan 637002,China
    3.Institute of Artificial Intelligence,China West Normal University,Nanchong Sichuan 637009,China
  • Received:2025-09-25 Revised:2025-12-24 Accepted:2025-12-29 Online:2026-03-13 Published:2026-10-10
  • Contact: Bochuan ZHENG
  • About author:LI Yuxi, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. His research interests include machine learning, deep learning, object counting.
    WANG Yaying, born in 2002, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include machine learning, deep learning, object counting.
    TIAN Shiqin, born in 2001, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include machine learning, deep learning, image segmentation.
  • Supported by:
    General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62176217)

摘要:

基于卷积神经网络(CNN)与Transformer的谷穗计数方法存在长距离依赖关系建模困难、计算效率低以及密度误报与密度漏报的问题。为了解决这些问题,提出名为PCLMamba的谷穗计数方法。PCLMamba是一个基于分割引导与频域增强的轻量Mamba网络。首先,通过引入分组的多方向状态空间模型(GDMM)分组处理图像序列且并行地送入不同顺序的选择性扫描中,轻量且高效地捕获长距离依赖关系;其次,利用通道注意力融合模块(CAFM)融合局部特征与全局扫描特征;最后,为了解决密度误报与密度漏报的问题,设计分割模块(Segmenter)提供先验知识,以抑制背景和增强前景;同时,设计频域空间域增强(FSE)模块将中间特征在空域与频域上进行增强处理,进一步提高计数精度。实验结果表明,PCLMamba在MTC、WED和SHC数据集上的平均绝对误差(MAE)分别为4.4、4.2和15.4,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为7.7、5.3和18.3。在WED数据集上,与CountMamba相比,MAE、RMSE分别降低20.8%和18.5%;在MTC数据集上,与参数量相近的TasselNet相比,MAE、RMSE分别降低33.3%和22.2%。PCLMamba在较低参数量下提高了谷穗计数精度,为状态空间模型应用于密集作物计数提供了可行的轻量化路径,为智慧农业中的田间谷穗自动计数提供了技术支持。

关键词: 智慧农业, 谷穗计数, 状态空间模型, 快速傅里叶变换, 频域增强

Abstract:

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers based wheat ear counting methods suffer from difficulty in modeling long-range dependencies, low computational efficiency, and frequent false dense positives or false negatives. To address these issues, a wheat ear counting method named PCLMamba was proposed. This network is a lightweight Mamba network based on segmentation guidance and frequency domain enhancement. First, Grouping Directional Mamba Model (GDMM) was introduced to process image sequences in groups and send them to selective scanning in different orders in a parallel way, thereby capturing long-range dependencies efficiently in a lightweight way. Second, the local features and globally scanned features were fused via a Channel Attention Fusion Module (CAFM). Finally, to solve the problems of dense false positives and negatives, a Segmentation module (Segmenter) was designed to supply prior knowledge, to suppress the background and enhance the foreground. Besides, a Frequency Spatial Enhancement (FSE) module was designed to enhance intermediate features in both spatial and frequency domains, thereby further boosting counting accuracy. Experimental results show that the Mean Absolute Errors (MAEs) of PCLMamba on the MTC, WED, and SHC datasets are 4.4, 4.2, and 15.4, respectively, and the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) are 7.7, 5.3, and 18.3, respectively. On the WED dataset, compared with CountMamba, the MAE and RMSE are reduced by 20.8% and 18.5%, respectively; on the MTC dataset, compared with TasselNet, which has a similar number of parameters, the MAE and RMSE are reduced by 33.3% and 22.2%, respectively. PCLMamba improves the accuracy of wheat ear counting with a relatively small number of parameters, providing a feasible lightweight path for applying state-space models to dense crop counting and offering technical support for automatic field wheat ear counting in smart agriculture.

Key words: smart agriculture, wheat ear counting, State-Space Model (SSM), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), frequency domain enhancement

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