《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1354-1362.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025040513
• 前沿与综合应用 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-05-09
修回日期:2025-07-09
接受日期:2025-07-11
发布日期:2025-07-15
出版日期:2026-04-10
通讯作者:
索志强
作者简介:秦传东(1976—),男,湖北广水人,教授,博士,主要研究方向:智能计算、大数据分析
基金资助:
Chuandong QIN1,2, Zhiqiang SUO1(
)
Received:2025-05-09
Revised:2025-07-09
Accepted:2025-07-11
Online:2025-07-15
Published:2026-04-10
Contact:
Zhiqiang SUO
About author:QIN Chuandong, born in 1976, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include intelligent computing, big data analysis.
Supported by:摘要:
皮肤癌是全球发病率持续攀升的恶性肿瘤之一,它的早期精准诊断对降低死亡率至关重要。针对现有模型难以满足临床要求及少数类别识别皮肤癌精度低的问题,提出一种融合改进ResNet50与集成分类器的模型。首先,通过灰度黑帽阈值处理和Telea算法去除毛发噪声,再使用合成少数过采样技术(SMOTE)平衡类别分布;其次,采用ResNet50模型提取深层特征,并引入融合空间与通道注意力的软注意力模块聚焦皮肤病变区域;最后,将随机森林、极限梯度提升(XGBoost)、轻量级梯度提升机(LightGBM)、K-近邻(K-NN)和支持向量机(SVM)作为集成分类器,通过软投票法进行集成,进行皮肤癌的早期诊断。在HAM10000、ISIC2019和ISIC2020数据集上的3次独立实验结果表明,所提模型将准确率分别提升到(98.33±0.03)%、(96.15±0.06)%和(99.19±0.02)%,相较于当前主流网络具有更优的特征提取与分类能力,有助于提升早期诊断效果。
中图分类号:
秦传东, 索志强. 融合改进的ResNet50与集成分类器的皮肤癌分类[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(4): 1354-1362.
Chuandong QIN, Zhiqiang SUO. Skin cancer classification integrating improved ResNet50 with ensemble classifier[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(4): 1354-1362.
| 数据集 | AKIEC | BCC | BKL | DF | MEL | NV | VASC | SCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HAM10000 | 327 | 514 | 1 099 | 115 | 1 113 | 6 705 | 142 | |
| ISIC2019 | 867 | 3 323 | 2 624 | 239 | 4 522 | 12 875 | 253 | 628 |
表1 HAM10000和ISIC2019数据集的样本分布
Tab. 1 Sample distribution of HAM10000 and ISIC2019 datasets
| 数据集 | AKIEC | BCC | BKL | DF | MEL | NV | VASC | SCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HAM10000 | 327 | 514 | 1 099 | 115 | 1 113 | 6 705 | 142 | |
| ISIC2019 | 867 | 3 323 | 2 624 | 239 | 4 522 | 12 875 | 253 | 628 |
| 项目 | 配置 | 项目 | 配置 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 操作系统 | Windows11 64 位 | Python | 3.11.0 |
| 处理器 | i9-14900 | PyTorch | 2.5.1 |
| 显卡 | NVIDIA RTX4060 | Torchvision | 0.20.1 |
表2 实验的基本配置
Tab. 2 Basic experimental configuration
| 项目 | 配置 | 项目 | 配置 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 操作系统 | Windows11 64 位 | Python | 3.11.0 |
| 处理器 | i9-14900 | PyTorch | 2.5.1 |
| 显卡 | NVIDIA RTX4060 | Torchvision | 0.20.1 |
| 类别 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKIEC | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 048 |
| BCC | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1 993 |
| BKL | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1 954 |
| DF | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 071 |
| MEL | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 2 017 |
| NV | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 2 040 |
| VASC | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 958 |
表3 HAM_S测试集上各类别的实验结果
Tab. 3 Experimental results of each category on HAM_S test set
| 类别 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKIEC | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 048 |
| BCC | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1 993 |
| BKL | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1 954 |
| DF | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 071 |
| MEL | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 2 017 |
| NV | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 2 040 |
| VASC | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 958 |
去毛发 预处理 | SMOTE 平衡 | SAM 模块 | 集成 分类器 | 准确率 | 精确率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 69.77±1.31 | 50.03±1.38 | ||||
| √ | 72.58±0.95 | 51.01±0.74 | |||
| √ | √ | 97.41±0.18 | 97.42±0.18 | ||
| √ | √ | √ | 98.08±0.06 | 98.09±0.05 | |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 98.33±0.03 | 98.33±0.02 |
表4 HAM10000数据集上的消融实验结果 (%)
Tab. 4 Ablation study results on HAM10000 dataset
去毛发 预处理 | SMOTE 平衡 | SAM 模块 | 集成 分类器 | 准确率 | 精确率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 69.77±1.31 | 50.03±1.38 | ||||
| √ | 72.58±0.95 | 51.01±0.74 | |||
| √ | √ | 97.41±0.18 | 97.42±0.18 | ||
| √ | √ | √ | 98.08±0.06 | 98.09±0.05 | |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 98.33±0.03 | 98.33±0.02 |
| 模型 | 准确率 | 精确率 | MCC | 召回率 | 特异性 | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DenseNet-121[ | 97.76 | 97.87 | 97.53 | 97.89 | 99.65 | 99.93 |
| ResNet50[ | 97.41 | 97.42 | 96.88 | 97.39 | 99.55 | 99.88 |
| MobileNet-V2[ | 97.14 | 97.13 | 96.66 | 97.14 | 99.52 | 99.88 |
| GoogLeNet[ | 97.81 | 97.80 | 97.45 | 97.82 | 99.64 | 99.91 |
| EfficientNet-B0[ | 97.89 | 97.89 | 97.54 | 97.90 | 99.65 | 99.93 |
| 本文模型 | 98.33 | 98.33 | 98.01 | 98.33 | 99.73 | 99.96 |
表5 HAM_S数据集上不同模型的实验结果对比 (%)
Tab. 5 Comparison of experimental results of different models on HAM_S dataset
| 模型 | 准确率 | 精确率 | MCC | 召回率 | 特异性 | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DenseNet-121[ | 97.76 | 97.87 | 97.53 | 97.89 | 99.65 | 99.93 |
| ResNet50[ | 97.41 | 97.42 | 96.88 | 97.39 | 99.55 | 99.88 |
| MobileNet-V2[ | 97.14 | 97.13 | 96.66 | 97.14 | 99.52 | 99.88 |
| GoogLeNet[ | 97.81 | 97.80 | 97.45 | 97.82 | 99.64 | 99.91 |
| EfficientNet-B0[ | 97.89 | 97.89 | 97.54 | 97.90 | 99.65 | 99.93 |
| 本文模型 | 98.33 | 98.33 | 98.01 | 98.33 | 99.73 | 99.96 |
| 模型 | 准确率 | 模型 | 准确率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| FCDS-CNN[ | 96.00 | Max Voting[ | 94.70 |
| DCAN-Net[ | 97.57 | EnsembleSVM[ | 98.20 |
| EnsembleCNN[ | 95.14 | 本文模型 | 98.33 |
表6 HAM10000数据集上不同模型的准确率对比 (%)
Tab. 6 Accuracy comparison of different models on HAM10000 dataset
| 模型 | 准确率 | 模型 | 准确率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| FCDS-CNN[ | 96.00 | Max Voting[ | 94.70 |
| DCAN-Net[ | 97.57 | EnsembleSVM[ | 98.20 |
| EnsembleCNN[ | 95.14 | 本文模型 | 98.33 |
| 类别 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKIEC | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 3 786 |
| BCC | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 3 948 |
| BKL | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 3 820 |
| DF | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 899 |
| MEL | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 3 832 |
| NV | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 3 835 |
| SCC | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 871 |
| VASC | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 886 |
表7 ISIC2019_S测试集上各类别的实验结果
Tab. 7 Experimental results of each category on ISIC2019_S test set
| 类别 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKIEC | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 3 786 |
| BCC | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 3 948 |
| BKL | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 3 820 |
| DF | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 899 |
| MEL | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 3 832 |
| NV | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 3 835 |
| SCC | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 871 |
| VASC | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 886 |
去毛发 预处理 | SMOTE 平衡 | SAM 模块 | 集成 分类器 | 准确率 | 精确率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 59.95±0.11 | 43.03±1.36 | ||||
| √ | 60.16±0.20 | 44.22±0.16 | |||
| √ | √ | 94.67±0.01 | 94.64±0.01 | ||
| √ | √ | √ | 95.95±0.12 | 95.94±0.11 | |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 96.15±0.06 | 96.14±0.05 |
表8 ISIC2019数据集上的消融实验结果 (%)
Tab. 8 Ablation study results on ISIC2019 dataset
去毛发 预处理 | SMOTE 平衡 | SAM 模块 | 集成 分类器 | 准确率 | 精确率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 59.95±0.11 | 43.03±1.36 | ||||
| √ | 60.16±0.20 | 44.22±0.16 | |||
| √ | √ | 94.67±0.01 | 94.64±0.01 | ||
| √ | √ | √ | 95.95±0.12 | 95.94±0.11 | |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 96.15±0.06 | 96.14±0.05 |
| 模型 | 准确率 | 精确率 | MCC | 召回率 | 特异性 | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DenseNet-121[ | 95.42 | 95.36 | 94.77 | 95.40 | 99.35 | 99.73 |
| ResNet50[ | 94.67 | 94.64 | 93.91 | 94.66 | 99.24 | 99.63 |
| MobileNet-V2[ | 95.13 | 95.11 | 94.44 | 95.11 | 99.30 | 99.69 |
| GoogLeNet[ | 95.20 | 95.18 | 94.52 | 95.18 | 99.31 | 99.69 |
| EfficientNet-B0[ | 96.00 | 95.97 | 95.43 | 96.00 | 99.43 | 99.79 |
| 本文模型 | 96.15 | 96.14 | 95.58 | 96.12 | 99.46 | 99.87 |
表9 ISIC2019_S数据集上不同模型的实验结果对比 (%)
Tab. 9 Comparison of experimental results of different models on ISIC2019_S dataset
| 模型 | 准确率 | 精确率 | MCC | 召回率 | 特异性 | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DenseNet-121[ | 95.42 | 95.36 | 94.77 | 95.40 | 99.35 | 99.73 |
| ResNet50[ | 94.67 | 94.64 | 93.91 | 94.66 | 99.24 | 99.63 |
| MobileNet-V2[ | 95.13 | 95.11 | 94.44 | 95.11 | 99.30 | 99.69 |
| GoogLeNet[ | 95.20 | 95.18 | 94.52 | 95.18 | 99.31 | 99.69 |
| EfficientNet-B0[ | 96.00 | 95.97 | 95.43 | 96.00 | 99.43 | 99.79 |
| 本文模型 | 96.15 | 96.14 | 95.58 | 96.12 | 99.46 | 99.87 |
| 模型 | 准确率 | 模型 | 准确率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| GoogleNet[ | 94.92 | SCSO-ResNet50-EHS-CNN[ | 94.24 |
| ConvNeXtV2[ | 93.60 | 本文模型 | 96.15 |
| CombNeXtV2[ | 93.48 |
表10 ISIC2019数据集上不同模型的准确率对比 (%)
Tab. 10 Accuracy comparison of different models on ISIC2019 dataset
| 模型 | 准确率 | 模型 | 准确率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| GoogleNet[ | 94.92 | SCSO-ResNet50-EHS-CNN[ | 94.24 |
| ConvNeXtV2[ | 93.60 | 本文模型 | 96.15 |
| CombNeXtV2[ | 93.48 |
| 类别 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benign | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 9 900 |
| Malignant | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 9 626 |
表11 ISIC2020_S测试集上各类别的实验结果
Tab. 11 Experimental results of each category on ISIC2020_S test set
| 类别 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benign | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 9 900 |
| Malignant | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 9 626 |
去毛发 预处理 | SMOTE 平衡 | SAM 模块 | 集成 分类器 | 准确率 | 精确率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 88.48±0.72 | 53.62±2.11 | ||||
| √ | 87.39±1.47 | 60.21±0.47 | |||
| √ | √ | 98.97±0.02 | 98.99±0.01 | ||
| √ | √ | √ | 99.12±0.04 | 99.14±0.02 | |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 99.19±0.02 | 99.21±0.03 |
表12 ISIC2020数据集上的消融实验结果 (%)
Tab. 12 Ablation study results on ISIC2020 dataset
去毛发 预处理 | SMOTE 平衡 | SAM 模块 | 集成 分类器 | 准确率 | 精确率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 88.48±0.72 | 53.62±2.11 | ||||
| √ | 87.39±1.47 | 60.21±0.47 | |||
| √ | √ | 98.97±0.02 | 98.99±0.01 | ||
| √ | √ | √ | 99.12±0.04 | 99.14±0.02 | |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 99.19±0.02 | 99.21±0.03 |
| 模型 | 准确率 | 精确率 | MCC | 召回率 | 特异性 | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DenseNet-121[ | 99.02 | 99.03 | 98.14 | 99.02 | 99.03 | 99.60 |
| ResNet50[ | 98.97 | 98.99 | 97.95 | 98.96 | 98.96 | 99.58 |
| MobileNet-V2[ | 98.97 | 98.99 | 97.95 | 98.96 | 98.96 | 99.57 |
| GoogLeNet[ | 98.50 | 98.52 | 98.00 | 98.48 | 98.48 | 99.34 |
| EfficientNet-B0[ | 99.09 | 99.12 | 98.20 | 99.08 | 99.08 | 99.64 |
| 本文模型 | 99.19 | 99.21 | 98.32 | 99.17 | 99.17 | 99.83 |
表13 ISIC2020_S数据集上不同模型的实验结果对比 (%)
Tab. 13 Comparison of experimental results of different models on ISIC2020_S dataset
| 模型 | 准确率 | 精确率 | MCC | 召回率 | 特异性 | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DenseNet-121[ | 99.02 | 99.03 | 98.14 | 99.02 | 99.03 | 99.60 |
| ResNet50[ | 98.97 | 98.99 | 97.95 | 98.96 | 98.96 | 99.58 |
| MobileNet-V2[ | 98.97 | 98.99 | 97.95 | 98.96 | 98.96 | 99.57 |
| GoogLeNet[ | 98.50 | 98.52 | 98.00 | 98.48 | 98.48 | 99.34 |
| EfficientNet-B0[ | 99.09 | 99.12 | 98.20 | 99.08 | 99.08 | 99.64 |
| 本文模型 | 99.19 | 99.21 | 98.32 | 99.17 | 99.17 | 99.83 |
| 模型 | 准确率 | 模型 | 准确率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| R-LSTM50[ | 95.72 | GRNet[ | 98.50 |
| LightAMViT[ | 98.90 | 本文模型 | 99.19 |
| N-DCNN[ | 93.40 |
表14 ISIC2020数据集上不同模型的准确率对比 (%)
Tab. 14 Accuracy comparison of different models on ISIC2020 dataset
| 模型 | 准确率 | 模型 | 准确率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| R-LSTM50[ | 95.72 | GRNet[ | 98.50 |
| LightAMViT[ | 98.90 | 本文模型 | 99.19 |
| N-DCNN[ | 93.40 |
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