关键词: 区块链, 隐私保护, 扩容, 跨链, 零知识证明, 非交互零知识证明

Abstract: Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable characteristics, has been widely applied in areas such as social governance, education, and healthcare. However, as the applications deepen and the demand increases, A number of challenges such as security issues, insufficient storage, and silos are faced by blockchain systems. Consequently, the needs for blockchain in terms of privacy protection, scalability, and cross-chain interoperability are becoming increasingly prominent. Empowering blockchain with zero-knowledge proof technology can enable advanced anonymity and transaction privacy protection. Its effectiveness in proof can replace complete data submission from side chains or off-chain roles to the main chain, its consensus proof can significantly improve the performance of blockchain cross-chain protocols. Aiming at the current situation of zero-knowledge proof enabling block chain, a research on the progress and prospect of zero-knowledge proof enabling block chain was proposed. It was based on the research achievements of empowering blockchain with zero-knowledge proof technology. Pepresentative solutions in recent years were systematically summarized. Firstly, the development context of zero-knowledge technology was introduced, then representative applications of blockchain based on zero-knowledge proof technology are categorized and summarized. Its realization ideas and innovation points are introduced emphatically. Typical cases are analyzed in the performance of indicators such as block size, proof size, transaction costs. Finally, how zero-knowledge proof technology can play a better role in the development prospect of blockchain privacy protection, expansion and cross-chain development is made to look forward.

Key words: blockchain, privacy protection, expansion, cross-chain, zero-knowledge proof, Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge proofs(NIZK)