关键词: 区块链, 分片, 可信执行环境, 在线优化, 跨片交易

Abstract: Abstract: Sharding has emerged as a widely adopted solution to enhance the transaction processing capabilities of blockchain systems. However, existing cross-shard transaction protocols often necessitate multiple rounds of communication between shards, which significantly hampers system performance. This paper presents an Adaptive Online Sharding Method, an innovative blockchain framework that leverages probabilistic delay mechanisms and Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to optimize the execution of complex cross-shard transactions. The proposed method strategically delays the allocation of transactions to shards, enabling the grouping of related transactions and thereby reducing the occurrence of cross-shard transactions while minimizing communication overhead. Additionally, it utilizes TEEs for secure and efficient off-chain execution of cross-shard transactions, effectively eliminating the need for multiple communication rounds. Our analysis shows that the Adaptive Online Sharding achieves sub-linear dynamic regret, demonstrating its adaptability to evolving transaction patterns. Furthermore, the framework is designed for dynamic online environments, continuously adjusting to real-time transaction data and feedback. Performance evaluations in real-world blockchain settings indicate that the Adaptive Online Sharding significantly outperforms state-of-the-art sharding methods, improving the TPS by 30%.

Key words: blockchain, sharding, trusted execution environments (TEE), online optimization, cross-shard transactions