《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1058-1068.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025050528
收稿日期:2025-05-15
修回日期:2025-07-18
接受日期:2025-08-06
发布日期:2025-08-12
出版日期:2026-04-10
通讯作者:
莫先
作者简介:赵海华(1999—),男,宁夏中卫人,硕士研究生,CCF会员,主要研究方向:图学习、推荐系统基金资助:
Haihua ZHAO1, Yijun HU1, Rui TANG2, Xian MO1(
)
Received:2025-05-15
Revised:2025-07-18
Accepted:2025-08-06
Online:2025-08-12
Published:2026-04-10
Contact:
Xian MO
About author:ZHAO Haihua, born in 1999, M. S. candidate. His research interests include graph learning, recommender systems.Supported by:摘要:
多模态推荐旨在通过融合多模态信息增强用户和项目的特征表示,提升推荐性能。然而,现有方法存在跨模态语义信息融合不足、多模态特征冗余及噪声干扰问题。针对这些问题,提出一种基于语义融合和对比增强的多模态推荐方法(SFCERec)。首先,设计跨模态语义一致性增强框架,通过多模态语义特征筛选机制构建全局关联图,动态聚合多模态共性特征并抑制噪声传播;同时,提出多粒度属性解耦模块,从模态特征中分离粗粒度共性特征与用户行为驱动的细粒度特征,缓解特征冗余。其次,提出多层次对比学习范式,联合跨模态一致性对齐、用户行为相似性建模、项目语义关联性约束及显式?潜在特征互信息最大化这4类任务,通过对比学习强化表征的判别性。最后,进一步结合图扰动增强策略,以通过添加噪声与双重对比正则化,提升模型对稀疏数据与噪声干扰的鲁棒性。在Amazon-Baby、Amazon-Sports和Amazon-Clothing数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法在Recall@20和NDCG@20指标上均优于所有基线模型,尤其在稀疏场景下。消融实验结果也验证了该方法的有效性。
中图分类号:
赵海华, 胡怡君, 唐瑞, 莫先. 基于语义融合和对比增强的多模态推荐方法[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(4): 1058-1068.
Haihua ZHAO, Yijun HU, Rui TANG, Xian MO. Multimodal recommendation method based on semantic fusion and contrast enhancement[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(4): 1058-1068.
| 数据集 | 用户数 | 项目数 | 交互数 | 稀疏度/% | 模态 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baby | 19 445 | 7 050 | 160 792 | 99.88 | v、t |
| Sports | 35 598 | 18 357 | 296 337 | 99.95 | v、t |
| Clothing | 39 387 | 23 033 | 278 677 | 99.97 | v、t |
表1 数据集统计信息
Tab. 1 Statistics of datasets
| 数据集 | 用户数 | 项目数 | 交互数 | 稀疏度/% | 模态 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baby | 19 445 | 7 050 | 160 792 | 99.88 | v、t |
| Sports | 35 598 | 18 357 | 296 337 | 99.95 | v、t |
| Clothing | 39 387 | 23 033 | 278 677 | 99.97 | v、t |
| 名称 | 参数 |
|---|---|
| 处理器 | Intel_Core i9-13900HX |
| 操作系统 | Windows11 64位 |
| 内存 | 16 GB |
| 显卡 | 5张NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090显卡 |
| 深度学习框架 | PyTorch 1.12.0 |
表2 实验配置
Tab. 2 Configuration of experiments
| 名称 | 参数 |
|---|---|
| 处理器 | Intel_Core i9-13900HX |
| 操作系统 | Windows11 64位 |
| 内存 | 16 GB |
| 显卡 | 5张NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090显卡 |
| 深度学习框架 | PyTorch 1.12.0 |
| 模型 | Baby | Sports | Clothing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R@10 | R@20 | N@10 | N@20 | R@10 | R@20 | N@10 | N@20 | R@10 | R@20 | N@10 | N@20 | |
| MF-BPR | 0.035 7 | 0.057 5 | 0.019 2 | 0.024 9 | 0.043 2 | 0.065 3 | 0.024 1 | 0.029 8 | 0.018 7 | 0.027 9 | 0.010 3 | 0.012 6 |
| LightGCN | 0.047 9 | 0.075 4 | 0.025 7 | 0.032 8 | 0.056 9 | 0.086 4 | 0.031 3 | 0.038 7 | 0.034 0 | 0.052 6 | 0.018 8 | 0.023 6 |
| SGL | 0.053 2 | 0.082 0 | 0.028 9 | 0.036 3 | 0.062 0 | 0.094 5 | 0.033 9 | 0.042 3 | 0.039 2 | 0.058 6 | 0.021 6 | 0.026 6 |
| NCL | 0.053 8 | 0.083 6 | 0.029 2 | 0.036 9 | 0.061 6 | 0.094 0 | 0.033 9 | 0.042 1 | 0.041 0 | 0.060 7 | 0.022 8 | 0.027 5 |
| VBPR | 0.042 3 | 0.066 3 | 0.022 3 | 0.028 4 | 0.055 8 | 0.085 6 | 0.030 7 | 0.038 4 | 0.042 3 | 0.066 3 | 0.022 3 | 0.028 4 |
| SLMRec | 0.052 9 | 0.077 5 | 0.029 0 | 0.035 3 | 0.066 3 | 0.099 0 | 0.036 5 | 0.045 0 | 0.045 2 | 0.067 5 | 0.024 7 | 0.030 3 |
| BM3 | 0.056 4 | 0.088 3 | 0.030 1 | 0.038 3 | 0.065 6 | 0.098 0 | 0.035 5 | 0.043 8 | 0.042 2 | 0.062 1 | 0.023 1 | 0.028 1 |
| FREEDOM | 0.062 7 | 0.099 2 | 0.033 0 | 0.042 4 | 0.071 7 | 0.108 9 | 0.038 5 | 0.048 1 | 0.062 9 | 0.094 1 | 0.034 1 | 0.042 0 |
| MGCN | 0.062 0 | 0.096 4 | 0.033 9 | 0.042 7 | 0.072 9 | 0.110 6 | 0.039 7 | 0.049 6 | 0.064 1 | 0.094 5 | 0.034 7 | 0.042 8 |
| LGMRec | 0.064 9 | 0.097 9 | 0.035 1 | 0.043 6 | 0.071 9 | 0.108 5 | 0.039 5 | 0.049 0 | 0.055 3 | 0.082 3 | 0.030 1 | 0.037 1 |
| DGVAE | 0.063 6 | 0.100 9 | 0.034 0 | 0.043 6 | 0.075 3 | 0.112 7 | 0.050 6 | 0.061 9 | 0.091 7 | 0.033 6 | 0.041 2 | |
| MENTOR | 0.064 7 | 0.034 9 | 0.044 7 | 0.075 6 | 0.112 9 | 0.040 6 | 0.050 3 | 0.065 6 | 0.096 9 | 0.036 0 | 0.043 9 | |
| SMORE | 0.102 1 | 0.040 7 | ||||||||||
| SFCERec | 0.067 5 | 0.105 2 | 0.036 5 | 0.046 1 | 0.079 3 | 0.118 1 | 0.042 9 | 0.052 9 | 0.069 1 | 0.102 1 | 0.037 8 | 0.046 2 |
表3 不同模型在3个数据集上的性能对比
Tab. 3 Performance comparison of different methods on three datasets
| 模型 | Baby | Sports | Clothing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R@10 | R@20 | N@10 | N@20 | R@10 | R@20 | N@10 | N@20 | R@10 | R@20 | N@10 | N@20 | |
| MF-BPR | 0.035 7 | 0.057 5 | 0.019 2 | 0.024 9 | 0.043 2 | 0.065 3 | 0.024 1 | 0.029 8 | 0.018 7 | 0.027 9 | 0.010 3 | 0.012 6 |
| LightGCN | 0.047 9 | 0.075 4 | 0.025 7 | 0.032 8 | 0.056 9 | 0.086 4 | 0.031 3 | 0.038 7 | 0.034 0 | 0.052 6 | 0.018 8 | 0.023 6 |
| SGL | 0.053 2 | 0.082 0 | 0.028 9 | 0.036 3 | 0.062 0 | 0.094 5 | 0.033 9 | 0.042 3 | 0.039 2 | 0.058 6 | 0.021 6 | 0.026 6 |
| NCL | 0.053 8 | 0.083 6 | 0.029 2 | 0.036 9 | 0.061 6 | 0.094 0 | 0.033 9 | 0.042 1 | 0.041 0 | 0.060 7 | 0.022 8 | 0.027 5 |
| VBPR | 0.042 3 | 0.066 3 | 0.022 3 | 0.028 4 | 0.055 8 | 0.085 6 | 0.030 7 | 0.038 4 | 0.042 3 | 0.066 3 | 0.022 3 | 0.028 4 |
| SLMRec | 0.052 9 | 0.077 5 | 0.029 0 | 0.035 3 | 0.066 3 | 0.099 0 | 0.036 5 | 0.045 0 | 0.045 2 | 0.067 5 | 0.024 7 | 0.030 3 |
| BM3 | 0.056 4 | 0.088 3 | 0.030 1 | 0.038 3 | 0.065 6 | 0.098 0 | 0.035 5 | 0.043 8 | 0.042 2 | 0.062 1 | 0.023 1 | 0.028 1 |
| FREEDOM | 0.062 7 | 0.099 2 | 0.033 0 | 0.042 4 | 0.071 7 | 0.108 9 | 0.038 5 | 0.048 1 | 0.062 9 | 0.094 1 | 0.034 1 | 0.042 0 |
| MGCN | 0.062 0 | 0.096 4 | 0.033 9 | 0.042 7 | 0.072 9 | 0.110 6 | 0.039 7 | 0.049 6 | 0.064 1 | 0.094 5 | 0.034 7 | 0.042 8 |
| LGMRec | 0.064 9 | 0.097 9 | 0.035 1 | 0.043 6 | 0.071 9 | 0.108 5 | 0.039 5 | 0.049 0 | 0.055 3 | 0.082 3 | 0.030 1 | 0.037 1 |
| DGVAE | 0.063 6 | 0.100 9 | 0.034 0 | 0.043 6 | 0.075 3 | 0.112 7 | 0.050 6 | 0.061 9 | 0.091 7 | 0.033 6 | 0.041 2 | |
| MENTOR | 0.064 7 | 0.034 9 | 0.044 7 | 0.075 6 | 0.112 9 | 0.040 6 | 0.050 3 | 0.065 6 | 0.096 9 | 0.036 0 | 0.043 9 | |
| SMORE | 0.102 1 | 0.040 7 | ||||||||||
| SFCERec | 0.067 5 | 0.105 2 | 0.036 5 | 0.046 1 | 0.079 3 | 0.118 1 | 0.042 9 | 0.052 9 | 0.069 1 | 0.102 1 | 0.037 8 | 0.046 2 |
| 算法 | Baby | Sports | Clothing | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R@20 | N@20 | R@20 | N@20 | R@20 | N@20 | |
| w/o GE | 0.104 4 | 0.045 5 | 0.116 7 | 0.052 6 | 0.099 8 | 0.045 5 |
| w/o PD | 0.094 3 | 0.040 9 | 0.105 8 | 0.046 5 | 0.082 3 | 0.036 9 |
| w/o CL | 0.095 1 | 0.040 7 | 0.108 0 | 0.047 7 | 0.093 1 | 0.041 6 |
| w/o PE | 0.104 5 | 0.045 2 | 0.114 8 | 0.052 3 | 0.098 4 | 0.044 4 |
| SFCERec | 0.105 2 | 0.046 1 | 0.118 1 | 0.052 9 | 0.102 1 | 0.046 2 |
表4 消融实验结果
Tab. 4 Results of ablation experiments
| 算法 | Baby | Sports | Clothing | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R@20 | N@20 | R@20 | N@20 | R@20 | N@20 | |
| w/o GE | 0.104 4 | 0.045 5 | 0.116 7 | 0.052 6 | 0.099 8 | 0.045 5 |
| w/o PD | 0.094 3 | 0.040 9 | 0.105 8 | 0.046 5 | 0.082 3 | 0.036 9 |
| w/o CL | 0.095 1 | 0.040 7 | 0.108 0 | 0.047 7 | 0.093 1 | 0.041 6 |
| w/o PE | 0.104 5 | 0.045 2 | 0.114 8 | 0.052 3 | 0.098 4 | 0.044 4 |
| SFCERec | 0.105 2 | 0.046 1 | 0.118 1 | 0.052 9 | 0.102 1 | 0.046 2 |
| 模型 | 平均epoch时间 | |
|---|---|---|
| Baby | Sports | |
| MENTOR | 8.95 | 24.30 |
| SMORE | 6.51 | 15.42 |
| SFCERec | 6.42 | 15.23 |
表5 平均epoch训练时间 (s)
Tab. 5 Average epoch training time
| 模型 | 平均epoch时间 | |
|---|---|---|
| Baby | Sports | |
| MENTOR | 8.95 | 24.30 |
| SMORE | 6.51 | 15.42 |
| SFCERec | 6.42 | 15.23 |
| 数据集 | 模型 | 交互数<5 | 交互数<10 | 交互数<20 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R@20 | N@20 | R@20 | N@20 | R@20 | N@20 | ||
| Sports | LGMRec | 0.077 0 | 0.033 5 | 0.100 0 | 0.043 3 | 0.106 6 | 0.047 1 |
| MENTOR | 0.078 6 | 0.034 8 | 0.108 0 | 0.047 6 | 0.112 4 | 0.050 2 | |
| SFCERec | 0.083 2 | 0.036 8 | 0.112 3 | 0.049 8 | 0.116 8 | 0.052 1 | |
| Clothing | LGMRec | 0.064 9 | 0.029 1 | 0.081 0 | 0.036 1 | 0.082 0 | 0.036 7 |
| MENTOR | 0.075 3 | 0.033 6 | 0.093 7 | 0.042 3 | 0.096 8 | 0.043 6 | |
| SFCERec | 0.076 5 | 0.035 3 | 0.099 2 | 0.044 3 | 0.101 1 | 0.045 5 | |
表6 稀疏性分析的实验结果
Tab. 6 Experimental results of sparsity analysis
| 数据集 | 模型 | 交互数<5 | 交互数<10 | 交互数<20 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R@20 | N@20 | R@20 | N@20 | R@20 | N@20 | ||
| Sports | LGMRec | 0.077 0 | 0.033 5 | 0.100 0 | 0.043 3 | 0.106 6 | 0.047 1 |
| MENTOR | 0.078 6 | 0.034 8 | 0.108 0 | 0.047 6 | 0.112 4 | 0.050 2 | |
| SFCERec | 0.083 2 | 0.036 8 | 0.112 3 | 0.049 8 | 0.116 8 | 0.052 1 | |
| Clothing | LGMRec | 0.064 9 | 0.029 1 | 0.081 0 | 0.036 1 | 0.082 0 | 0.036 7 |
| MENTOR | 0.075 3 | 0.033 6 | 0.093 7 | 0.042 3 | 0.096 8 | 0.043 6 | |
| SFCERec | 0.076 5 | 0.035 3 | 0.099 2 | 0.044 3 | 0.101 1 | 0.045 5 | |
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