《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 2630-2639.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025070921

• 多媒体计算与计算机仿真 • 上一篇    

基于改进YOLOv11的雾天目标检测算法

汤莉, 张健宇(), 姚睿   

  1. 天津财经大学 理工学院,天津 300222
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11 修回日期:2025-09-26 接受日期:2025-09-29 发布日期:2025-11-05 出版日期:2026-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 张健宇
  • 作者简介:汤莉(1979—),女,河北衡水人,副教授,博士,CCF会员,主要研究方向:人工智能、数据挖掘
    张健宇(1998—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:图像处理、深度学习
    姚睿(2000—),女,河北邢台人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:图像处理、深度学习。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(12271395)

Object detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv11 in foggy weather

Li TANG, Jianyu ZHANG(), Rui YAO   

  1. School of Science and Technology,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300222,China
  • Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2025-09-26 Accepted:2025-09-29 Online:2025-11-05 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: Jianyu ZHANG
  • About author:TANG Li, born in 1979, Ph. D., associate professor. Her research interests include artificial intelligence, data mining.
    YAO Rui, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include image processing, deep learning.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12271395)

摘要:

针对雾天等恶劣天气下多尺度目标难以检测,包括目标间重叠遮挡严重以及图像能见度低,导致误检和漏检频发等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv11的雾天目标检测算法MFA-YOLO (Multi-scale frequency-aware Feature Alignment YOLO)。首先,设计多尺度边缘特征增强模块C3k2_MSEFE (C3k2_Multi-Scale Edge Feature Enhancement)替换YOLOv11网络中的C3k2模块,以增强网络对多尺度目标的特征提取能力;其次,设计轻量化频率感知特征金字塔网络(LFFPN)应对因雾天图像对比度低所导致的边界框定位不准问题,以提升检测的准确性和鲁棒性;最后,设计动态特征对齐检测头(DFADHead)以通过动态卷积和任务分解等机制提升对密集场景下重叠遮挡目标的识别能力。实验结果表明,在RTTS数据集上,所提算法的mAP@50和mAP@50:95分别达到76.5%和52.6%,与基础模型相比,分别提升了2.7和1.9个百分点,同时参数量和模型大小分别下降了15.3%和23.4%。此外,在Cityscapes数据集合成的两种不同雾浓度的雾天图像上的验证结果表明,所提算法的mAP@50分别为48.5%和46.7%,与YOLOv11s相比,分别提升了2.4和3.5个百分点,进一步证明了所提算法在多种雾天场景下的适应性和有效性。

关键词: 目标检测, YOLOv11, 雾天, 多尺度边缘特征增强, 频率感知, 动态特征对齐

Abstract:

To address challenges of detecting multi-scale objects under adverse weather conditions such as fog weather, including severe occlusion, low image visibility, leading to frequent false positives and missed detections, a object detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv11 in foggy weather, named MFA-YOLO (Multi-scale frequency-aware Feature Alignment YOLO), was proposed. First, the multi-scale edge feature enhancement module C3k2_MSEFE (C3k2_Multi-Scale Edge Feature Enhancement) was designed to replace the C3k2 module in YOLOv11 network, so as to enhance network’s ability to extract features from multi-scale objects. Second, the Lightweight Frequency-Aware Feature Pyramid Network (LFFPN) was designed to address the issue of inaccurate bounding box localization caused by low contrast in foggy images, so as to improve both accuracy and robustness of detection. Finally, the Dynamic Feature Alignment Detection Head (DFADHead) was designed to strengthen capability to detect overlapping and occluded objects in dense scenarios through mechanisms such as dynamic convolution and task decomposition. Experimental results demonstrate that on the RTTS dataset, the proposed algorithm achieves an mAP@50 of 76.5% and an mAP@50:95 of 52.6%, representing improvements of 2.7 and 1.9 percentage points compared to the baseline model, respectively. Meanwhile, the number of parameters and model size are reduced by 15.3% and 23.4%, respectively. Furthermore, verification results on two types of foggy images with different fog concentrations synthesized from Cityscapes dataset show that the proposed algorithm achieves the mAP@50 of 48.5% and 46.7%, respectively, which are 2.4 and 3.5 percentage points higher than those of YOLOv11s, respectively, further validating the adaptability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in various foggy weather scenarios.

Key words: object detection, YOLOv11, foggy weather, multi-scale edge feature enhancement, frequency-aware, dynamic feature alignment

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