《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2361-2368.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024070959
收稿日期:2024-07-09
									
				
											修回日期:2024-09-29
									
				
											接受日期:2024-10-09
									
				
											发布日期:2025-07-10
									
				
											出版日期:2025-07-10
									
				
			通讯作者:
					宿景芳
							作者简介:王震洲(1978—),男,河北石家庄人,教授,博士,主要研究方向:图像处理、模式识别基金资助:
        
                                                                                                                                            Zhenzhou WANG1, Fangfang GUO1, Jingfang SU1( ), He SU2, Jianchao WANG1
), He SU2, Jianchao WANG1
			  
			
			
			
                
        
    
Received:2024-07-09
									
				
											Revised:2024-09-29
									
				
											Accepted:2024-10-09
									
				
											Online:2025-07-10
									
				
											Published:2025-07-10
									
			Contact:
					Jingfang SU   
							About author:WANG Zhenzhou, born in 1978, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include image processing, pattern recognition.Supported by:摘要:
输电线路的智能巡检视觉任务对电力系统的安全稳定至关重要。尽管深度学习网络在分布一致的训练和测试数据集上表现良好,但实际应用中数据分布的偏差常常会降低模型性能。为了解决这一问题,提出一种基于对比学习的训练方法(TMCL),旨在增强模型鲁棒性。首先,构建专为输电线路场景设计的基准测试集TLD-C (Transmission Line Dataset-Corruption)用于评估模型在面对图像损坏时的鲁棒性;其次,通过构建对类别特征敏感的正负样本对,提升模型对不同类别特征的区分能力;然后,使用结合对比损失和交叉熵损失的联合优化策略对特征提取过程施加额外约束,以优化特征向量的表征;最后,引入非局部特征去噪网络(NFD)用于提取与类别密切相关的特征。实验结果表明,模型改进后的训练方法在输电线路数据集(TLD)上的平均精度比原始方法高出3.40个百分点,在TLD-C数据集上的相对损坏精度(rCP)比原始方法高出4.69个百分点。
中图分类号:
王震洲, 郭方方, 宿景芳, 苏鹤, 王建超. 面向智能巡检的视觉模型鲁棒性优化方法[J]. 计算机应用, 2025, 45(7): 2361-2368.
Zhenzhou WANG, Fangfang GUO, Jingfang SU, He SU, Jianchao WANG. Robustness optimization method of visual model for intelligent inspection[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2025, 45(7): 2361-2368.
| 类别 | 图像总数 | 检测目标数 | 
|---|---|---|
| 绝缘子(insulator) | 370 | 625 | 
| 杆塔(pole tower) | 366 | 549 | 
| 挖掘机(excavator) | 355 | 400 | 
| 塔吊(tower crane) | 356 | 534 | 
| 吊车(crane) | 355 | 375 | 
| 油罐车(tanker truck) | 354 | 388 | 
| 鸟巢(nest) | 352 | 400 | 
| 铲车(forklift) | 352 | 405 | 
| 大卡车(big truck) | 354 | 378 | 
| 推土车(bulldozer) | 352 | 380 | 
表1 输电线路数据集的类别和数量
Tab. 1 Categories and numbers in transmission line dataset
| 类别 | 图像总数 | 检测目标数 | 
|---|---|---|
| 绝缘子(insulator) | 370 | 625 | 
| 杆塔(pole tower) | 366 | 549 | 
| 挖掘机(excavator) | 355 | 400 | 
| 塔吊(tower crane) | 356 | 534 | 
| 吊车(crane) | 355 | 375 | 
| 油罐车(tanker truck) | 354 | 388 | 
| 鸟巢(nest) | 352 | 400 | 
| 铲车(forklift) | 352 | 405 | 
| 大卡车(big truck) | 354 | 378 | 
| 推土车(bulldozer) | 352 | 380 | 
| 网络模型 | TLD | TLD-C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AP | mCP | rCP | |
| AllConvNet | 83.80 | 52.70 | 62.89 | 
| DenseNet | 81.20 | 51.80 | 63.80 | 
| WideResNet | 80.70 | 53.10 | 65.80 | 
| ResNeXt | 82.40 | 54.30 | 65.90 | 
| ResNet | 81.40 | 53.20 | 65.36 | 
表2 不同网络模型的鲁棒性性能 ( %)
Tab. 2 Robustness performance of different network models
| 网络模型 | TLD | TLD-C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AP | mCP | rCP | |
| AllConvNet | 83.80 | 52.70 | 62.89 | 
| DenseNet | 81.20 | 51.80 | 63.80 | 
| WideResNet | 80.70 | 53.10 | 65.80 | 
| ResNeXt | 82.40 | 54.30 | 65.90 | 
| ResNet | 81.40 | 53.20 | 65.36 | 
| 数据增强方法 | AllConvNet | DenseNet | WideResNet | ResNeXt | ResNet | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | 52.70 | 51.80 | 53.10 | 54.30 | 53.20 | 
| Cutout | 53.60 | 50.40 | 54.30 | 54.70 | 53.60 | 
| mixup | 57.50 | 57.40 | 58.50 | 61.20 | 59.70 | 
| Auto Augment | 54.30 | 55.10 | 57.40 | 58.70 | 57.10 | 
| AugMix | 62.50 | 61.60 | 63.30 | 64.20 | 63.50 | 
| 本文方法 | 63.10 | 61.90 | 63.50 | 65.20 | 63.80 | 
表3 不同数据增强方法在TLD-C数据集上的mCP结果 ( %)
Tab. 3 mCP results of different data augmentation methods on TLD-C dataset
| 数据增强方法 | AllConvNet | DenseNet | WideResNet | ResNeXt | ResNet | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | 52.70 | 51.80 | 53.10 | 54.30 | 53.20 | 
| Cutout | 53.60 | 50.40 | 54.30 | 54.70 | 53.60 | 
| mixup | 57.50 | 57.40 | 58.50 | 61.20 | 59.70 | 
| Auto Augment | 54.30 | 55.10 | 57.40 | 58.70 | 57.10 | 
| AugMix | 62.50 | 61.60 | 63.30 | 64.20 | 63.50 | 
| 本文方法 | 63.10 | 61.90 | 63.50 | 65.20 | 63.80 | 
| 训练方法 | TLD | TLD-C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AP | mCP | rCP | |
| AugMix | 82.10 | 48.80 | 59.44 | 
| 本文方法 | 83.40 | 52.20 | 62.59 | 
表4 不同模型在不同训练方法下的鲁棒性性能 ( %)
Tab. 4 Robustness performance of different models under different training methods
| 训练方法 | TLD | TLD-C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AP | mCP | rCP | |
| AugMix | 82.10 | 48.80 | 59.44 | 
| 本文方法 | 83.40 | 52.20 | 62.59 | 
| 模型 | TLD | TLD-C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AP | mCP | rCP | |
| ResNet-50 | 81.40 | 57.00 | 70.02 | 
| ResNet-50NFD | 82.60 | 58.60 | 70.94 | 
表5 NFD对模型鲁棒性的影响 ( %)
Tab. 5 Influence of NFD on model robustness
| 模型 | TLD | TLD-C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AP | mCP | rCP | |
| ResNet-50 | 81.40 | 57.00 | 70.02 | 
| ResNet-50NFD | 82.60 | 58.60 | 70.94 | 
| 方法 | LS | NFD | TLD | TLD-C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AP | mCP | rCP | |||
| MD | — | √ | 82.60 | 55.70 | 67.43 | 
| ML | √ | — | 83.50 | 57.90 | 69.34 | 
| MO | — | — | 81.40 | 53.20 | 65.36 | 
| 本文方法 | √ | √ | 84.80 | 59.40 | 70.05 | 
表6 消融实验结果 ( %)
Tab. 6 Results of ablation experiments
| 方法 | LS | NFD | TLD | TLD-C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AP | mCP | rCP | |||
| MD | — | √ | 82.60 | 55.70 | 67.43 | 
| ML | √ | — | 83.50 | 57.90 | 69.34 | 
| MO | — | — | 81.40 | 53.20 | 65.36 | 
| 本文方法 | √ | √ | 84.80 | 59.40 | 70.05 | 
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