《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 877-886.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025040418
收稿日期:2025-04-18
修回日期:2025-07-04
接受日期:2025-07-08
发布日期:2025-07-18
出版日期:2026-03-10
通讯作者:
刘勇
作者简介:黄思文(1999—),女,安徽安庆人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:人工智能、管理决策基金资助:
Yong LIU(
), Siwen HUANG, Liang MA, Jiawei WU
Received:2025-04-18
Revised:2025-07-04
Accepted:2025-07-08
Online:2025-07-18
Published:2026-03-10
Contact:
Yong LIU
About author:HUANG Siwen, born in 1999, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include artificial intelligence, management decision-making.Supported by:摘要:
针对突发公共卫生事件中的应急医疗物资调度问题,在最小化运输时间和车辆数的基础上,引入灾民创伤下煎熬心理成本作为优化目标,用于衡量灾民因物资未及时送达所承受的心理压力差异,并提出最小化创伤下煎熬心理成本、运输时间和车辆数的多目标应急医疗物资调度模型。针对该模型的NP难(NP-hard)特征,设计一种多目标离散徒步优化算法(MDHOA)。将应急医疗物资调度方案编码为无分隔符的整数序列,再利用Split分割方法解码,设计改进最近邻启发式方法优化初始解,并引入徒步群体驱动的多目标优化机制增强搜索能力。实验结果表明,在Solomon标准测试集上,所提算法在超体积(HV)、总非支配向量数(ONVG)与反世代距离(IGD)这3项指标上总体优于二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)、改进的二代非支配排序遗传算法(INSGA-Ⅱ)与改进的多目标蜜獾算法(IMOHBA)等对比算法,具有较强的解集覆盖能力与稳定性;在北京市海淀区的实际案例中,所提模型表现出较强的适应性与可行性。灵敏度分析结果表明,灾民心理成本系数与车辆容量对调度策略具有显著影响。
中图分类号:
刘勇, 黄思文, 马良, 武嘉伟. 考虑煎熬心理成本的应急医疗物资调度的多目标离散徒步优化算法[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(3): 877-886.
Yong LIU, Siwen HUANG, Liang MA, Jiawei WU. Multi-objective discrete hiking optimization algorithm for emergency medical supply scheduling considering psychological cost under trauma[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(3): 877-886.
| 算例 | CPLEX求解器 | MDHOA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
最优解对应 目标值 | 目标值 | GAP/% | 非劣解 数 | |
| 1 | 7.00,3.21,2.0 | 7.00,3.21,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 29 |
| 2 | 5.47,5.34,3.0 | 5.47,5.34,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 41 |
| 3 | 4.06,1.29,3.0 | 4.06,1.29,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 20 |
| 4 | 5.36,4.52,3.0 | 5.36,4.52,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 41 |
| 5 | 5.85,4.15,2.0 | 5.85,4.15,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 28 |
| 6 | 5.11,1.78,3.0 | 5.11,1.78,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 26 |
| 7 | 1.48,1.86,3.0 | 1.48,1.86,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 18 |
| 8 | 1.53,2.28,2.0 | 1.53,2.28,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 16 |
| 9 | 0.82,1.83,2.0 | 0.82,1.83,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 15 |
| 10 | 3.00,2.81,2.0 | 3.00,2.81,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 20 |
表1 CPLEX求解器与MDHOA在小规模算例上的求解性能对比
Tab. 1 Solving performance comparison of CPLEX solver and MDHOA on small-scale instances
| 算例 | CPLEX求解器 | MDHOA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
最优解对应 目标值 | 目标值 | GAP/% | 非劣解 数 | |
| 1 | 7.00,3.21,2.0 | 7.00,3.21,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 29 |
| 2 | 5.47,5.34,3.0 | 5.47,5.34,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 41 |
| 3 | 4.06,1.29,3.0 | 4.06,1.29,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 20 |
| 4 | 5.36,4.52,3.0 | 5.36,4.52,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 41 |
| 5 | 5.85,4.15,2.0 | 5.85,4.15,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 28 |
| 6 | 5.11,1.78,3.0 | 5.11,1.78,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 26 |
| 7 | 1.48,1.86,3.0 | 1.48,1.86,3.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 18 |
| 8 | 1.53,2.28,2.0 | 1.53,2.28,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 16 |
| 9 | 0.82,1.83,2.0 | 0.82,1.83,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 15 |
| 10 | 3.00,2.81,2.0 | 3.00,2.81,2.0 | 0.00,0.00,0.00 | 20 |
| 数据集 | NSGA-Ⅱ | INSGA-Ⅱ | IMOHBA | MOAHA | MDHOA | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HV | ONVG | IGD | HV | ONVG | IGD | HV | ONVG | IGD | HV | ONVG | IGD | HV | ONVG | IGD | |
| C101 | 0.535 | 27 | 0.058 | 0.587 | 59 | 0.038 | 0.541 | 14 | 0.012 | 0.455 | 10 | 0.051 | 0.779 | 99 | 0.012 |
| C102 | 0.486 | 36 | 0.068 | 0.525 | 44 | 0.044 | 0.521 | 17 | 0.012 | 0.410 | 15 | 0.067 | 0.758 | 100 | 0.003 |
| C103 | 0.496 | 32 | 0.067 | 0.576 | 57 | 0.042 | 0.459 | 10 | 0.018 | 0.414 | 15 | 0.067 | 0.771 | 100 | 0.008 |
| C104 | 0.572 | 33 | 0.057 | 0.595 | 55 | 0.046 | 0.573 | 16 | 0.014 | 0.469 | 19 | 0.067 | 0.798 | 100 | 0.010 |
| C105 | 0.526 | 49 | 0.062 | 0.548 | 39 | 0.050 | 0.553 | 12 | 0.013 | 0.458 | 9 | 0.059 | 0.773 | 99 | 0.011 |
| R101 | 0.505 | 31 | 0.044 | 0.560 | 39 | 0.063 | 0.395 | 13 | 0.018 | 0.339 | 7 | 0.038 | 0.803 | 97 | 0.003 |
| R102 | 0.596 | 23 | 0.039 | 0.609 | 45 | 0.043 | 0.518 | 15 | 0.016 | 0.421 | 10 | 0.037 | 0.741 | 100 | 0.009 |
| R103 | 0.586 | 23 | 0.048 | 0.590 | 42 | 0.051 | 0.577 | 13 | 0.015 | 0.509 | 12 | 0.044 | 0.771 | 99 | 0.014 |
| R104 | 0.606 | 24 | 0.053 | 0.612 | 43 | 0.046 | 0.622 | 14 | 0.016 | 0.521 | 5 | 0.047 | 0.800 | 100 | 0.014 |
| R105 | 0.505 | 30 | 0.045 | 0.588 | 36 | 0.063 | 0.454 | 12 | 0.015 | 0.354 | 7 | 0.042 | 0.812 | 99 | 0.000 |
| RC101 | 0.427 | 29 | 0.035 | 0.566 | 46 | 0.051 | 0.432 | 15 | 0.022 | 0.292 | 6 | 0.041 | 0.733 | 100 | 0.010 |
| RC102 | 0.535 | 42 | 0.035 | 0.534 | 53 | 0.041 | 0.501 | 13 | 0.019 | 0.376 | 4 | 0.035 | 0.723 | 99 | 0.013 |
| RC103 | 0.578 | 32 | 0.039 | 0.582 | 45 | 0.043 | 0.503 | 8 | 0.018 | 0.407 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.741 | 99 | 0.017 |
| RC104 | 0.618 | 17 | 0.040 | 0.625 | 53 | 0.042 | 0.539 | 6 | 0.015 | 0.462 | 5 | 0.037 | 0.763 | 97 | 0.013 |
| RC105 | 0.527 | 30 | 0.041 | 0.529 | 34 | 0.055 | 0.509 | 14 | 0.014 | 0.356 | 10 | 0.038 | 0.747 | 100 | 0.010 |
表2 不同算法的性能对比结果
Tab. 2 Performance comparison results of different algorithms
| 数据集 | NSGA-Ⅱ | INSGA-Ⅱ | IMOHBA | MOAHA | MDHOA | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HV | ONVG | IGD | HV | ONVG | IGD | HV | ONVG | IGD | HV | ONVG | IGD | HV | ONVG | IGD | |
| C101 | 0.535 | 27 | 0.058 | 0.587 | 59 | 0.038 | 0.541 | 14 | 0.012 | 0.455 | 10 | 0.051 | 0.779 | 99 | 0.012 |
| C102 | 0.486 | 36 | 0.068 | 0.525 | 44 | 0.044 | 0.521 | 17 | 0.012 | 0.410 | 15 | 0.067 | 0.758 | 100 | 0.003 |
| C103 | 0.496 | 32 | 0.067 | 0.576 | 57 | 0.042 | 0.459 | 10 | 0.018 | 0.414 | 15 | 0.067 | 0.771 | 100 | 0.008 |
| C104 | 0.572 | 33 | 0.057 | 0.595 | 55 | 0.046 | 0.573 | 16 | 0.014 | 0.469 | 19 | 0.067 | 0.798 | 100 | 0.010 |
| C105 | 0.526 | 49 | 0.062 | 0.548 | 39 | 0.050 | 0.553 | 12 | 0.013 | 0.458 | 9 | 0.059 | 0.773 | 99 | 0.011 |
| R101 | 0.505 | 31 | 0.044 | 0.560 | 39 | 0.063 | 0.395 | 13 | 0.018 | 0.339 | 7 | 0.038 | 0.803 | 97 | 0.003 |
| R102 | 0.596 | 23 | 0.039 | 0.609 | 45 | 0.043 | 0.518 | 15 | 0.016 | 0.421 | 10 | 0.037 | 0.741 | 100 | 0.009 |
| R103 | 0.586 | 23 | 0.048 | 0.590 | 42 | 0.051 | 0.577 | 13 | 0.015 | 0.509 | 12 | 0.044 | 0.771 | 99 | 0.014 |
| R104 | 0.606 | 24 | 0.053 | 0.612 | 43 | 0.046 | 0.622 | 14 | 0.016 | 0.521 | 5 | 0.047 | 0.800 | 100 | 0.014 |
| R105 | 0.505 | 30 | 0.045 | 0.588 | 36 | 0.063 | 0.454 | 12 | 0.015 | 0.354 | 7 | 0.042 | 0.812 | 99 | 0.000 |
| RC101 | 0.427 | 29 | 0.035 | 0.566 | 46 | 0.051 | 0.432 | 15 | 0.022 | 0.292 | 6 | 0.041 | 0.733 | 100 | 0.010 |
| RC102 | 0.535 | 42 | 0.035 | 0.534 | 53 | 0.041 | 0.501 | 13 | 0.019 | 0.376 | 4 | 0.035 | 0.723 | 99 | 0.013 |
| RC103 | 0.578 | 32 | 0.039 | 0.582 | 45 | 0.043 | 0.503 | 8 | 0.018 | 0.407 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.741 | 99 | 0.017 |
| RC104 | 0.618 | 17 | 0.040 | 0.625 | 53 | 0.042 | 0.539 | 6 | 0.015 | 0.462 | 5 | 0.037 | 0.763 | 97 | 0.013 |
| RC105 | 0.527 | 30 | 0.041 | 0.529 | 34 | 0.055 | 0.509 | 14 | 0.014 | 0.356 | 10 | 0.038 | 0.747 | 100 | 0.010 |
| 信息点 | 经度/(°E) | 纬度/(°N) | 需求量 | 最早到达时间/min | 最晚到达时间/min | 服务时间/min |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 116.269 992 | 40.055 724 | — | — | 1 440 | — |
| 1 | 116.350 240 | 39.986 300 | 15 | 435 | 480 | 12 |
| 2 | 116.346 127 | 40.004 083 | 6 | 360 | 480 | 7 |
| 3 | 116.350 446 | 39.965 543 | 18 | 735 | 780 | 13 |
| 4 | 116.350 429 | 40.049 870 | 8 | 675 | 780 | 8 |
| 5 | 116.323 339 | 39.927 778 | 9 | 315 | 420 | 9 |
| 6 | 116.275 456 | 40.028 304 | 12 | 390 | 510 | 10 |
| 7 | 116.335 500 | 40.051 000 | 21 | 435 | 480 | 15 |
| 8 | 116.298 200 | 40.032 220 | 14 | 675 | 750 | 11 |
| 9 | 116.277 100 | 39.961 840 | 9 | 690 | 750 | 9 |
| 10 | 116.221 900 | 39.980 730 | 14 | 675 | 780 | 11 |
| 11 | 116.260 500 | 39.962 110 | 18 | 375 | 450 | 13 |
| 12 | 116.244 900 | 39.960 940 | 6 | 630 | 750 | 7 |
| 13 | 116.216 300 | 40.038 380 | 12 | 690 | 750 | 10 |
| 14 | 116.207 800 | 40.045 920 | 10 | 690 | 750 | 9 |
| 15 | 116.327 200 | 39.985 780 | 21 | 345 | 390 | 15 |
| 16 | 116.314 600 | 39.919 510 | 14 | 405 | 570 | 11 |
| 17 | 116.285 400 | 39.962 710 | 9 | 465 | 510 | 9 |
| 18 | 116.363 700 | 39.965 690 | 14 | 360 | 450 | 11 |
| 19 | 116.349 400 | 39.999 540 | 21 | 630 | 720 | 15 |
| 20 | 116.352 900 | 39.962 940 | 10 | 375 | 420 | 9 |
| 21 | 116.350 700 | 40.063 670 | 21 | 660 | 780 | 15 |
| 22 | 116.301 800 | 39.997 450 | 6 | 330 | 420 | 7 |
| 23 | 116.258 700 | 39.922 920 | 15 | 720 | 840 | 12 |
| 24 | 116.380 700 | 39.979 450 | 14 | 660 | 750 | 11 |
| 25 | 116.270 200 | 40.030 690 | 18 | 735 | 810 | 13 |
| 26 | 116.270 100 | 39.917 420 | 14 | 795 | 840 | 11 |
| 27 | 116.281 600 | 40.027 470 | 18 | 660 | 720 | 13 |
| 28 | 116.269 100 | 40.012 420 | 6 | 345 | 390 | 7 |
| 29 | 116.302 800 | 40.047 930 | 21 | 330 | 390 | 15 |
| 30 | 116.309 000 | 40.049 000 | 14 | 360 | 420 | 11 |
| 31 | 116.310 400 | 39.937 110 | 18 | 735 | 810 | 13 |
| 32 | 116.331 100 | 39.975 710 | 12 | 375 | 420 | 10 |
| 33 | 116.278 600 | 39.939 240 | 18 | 660 | 780 | 13 |
| 34 | 116.303 600 | 39.921 550 | 8 | 345 | 420 | 8 |
| 35 | 116.261 600 | 40.089 830 | 18 | 765 | 840 | 13 |
| 36 | 116.310 700 | 39.898 860 | 6 | 375 | 450 | 7 |
| 37 | 116.330 400 | 39.986 510 | 18 | 345 | 420 | 13 |
| 38 | 116.283 500 | 39.911 140 | 6 | 300 | 420 | 7 |
| 39 | 116.369 900 | 40.003 590 | 12 | 645 | 720 | 10 |
| 40 | 116.272 844 | 40.085 885 | 6 | 465 | 510 | 7 |
表3 案例数据
Tab. 3 Case data
| 信息点 | 经度/(°E) | 纬度/(°N) | 需求量 | 最早到达时间/min | 最晚到达时间/min | 服务时间/min |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 116.269 992 | 40.055 724 | — | — | 1 440 | — |
| 1 | 116.350 240 | 39.986 300 | 15 | 435 | 480 | 12 |
| 2 | 116.346 127 | 40.004 083 | 6 | 360 | 480 | 7 |
| 3 | 116.350 446 | 39.965 543 | 18 | 735 | 780 | 13 |
| 4 | 116.350 429 | 40.049 870 | 8 | 675 | 780 | 8 |
| 5 | 116.323 339 | 39.927 778 | 9 | 315 | 420 | 9 |
| 6 | 116.275 456 | 40.028 304 | 12 | 390 | 510 | 10 |
| 7 | 116.335 500 | 40.051 000 | 21 | 435 | 480 | 15 |
| 8 | 116.298 200 | 40.032 220 | 14 | 675 | 750 | 11 |
| 9 | 116.277 100 | 39.961 840 | 9 | 690 | 750 | 9 |
| 10 | 116.221 900 | 39.980 730 | 14 | 675 | 780 | 11 |
| 11 | 116.260 500 | 39.962 110 | 18 | 375 | 450 | 13 |
| 12 | 116.244 900 | 39.960 940 | 6 | 630 | 750 | 7 |
| 13 | 116.216 300 | 40.038 380 | 12 | 690 | 750 | 10 |
| 14 | 116.207 800 | 40.045 920 | 10 | 690 | 750 | 9 |
| 15 | 116.327 200 | 39.985 780 | 21 | 345 | 390 | 15 |
| 16 | 116.314 600 | 39.919 510 | 14 | 405 | 570 | 11 |
| 17 | 116.285 400 | 39.962 710 | 9 | 465 | 510 | 9 |
| 18 | 116.363 700 | 39.965 690 | 14 | 360 | 450 | 11 |
| 19 | 116.349 400 | 39.999 540 | 21 | 630 | 720 | 15 |
| 20 | 116.352 900 | 39.962 940 | 10 | 375 | 420 | 9 |
| 21 | 116.350 700 | 40.063 670 | 21 | 660 | 780 | 15 |
| 22 | 116.301 800 | 39.997 450 | 6 | 330 | 420 | 7 |
| 23 | 116.258 700 | 39.922 920 | 15 | 720 | 840 | 12 |
| 24 | 116.380 700 | 39.979 450 | 14 | 660 | 750 | 11 |
| 25 | 116.270 200 | 40.030 690 | 18 | 735 | 810 | 13 |
| 26 | 116.270 100 | 39.917 420 | 14 | 795 | 840 | 11 |
| 27 | 116.281 600 | 40.027 470 | 18 | 660 | 720 | 13 |
| 28 | 116.269 100 | 40.012 420 | 6 | 345 | 390 | 7 |
| 29 | 116.302 800 | 40.047 930 | 21 | 330 | 390 | 15 |
| 30 | 116.309 000 | 40.049 000 | 14 | 360 | 420 | 11 |
| 31 | 116.310 400 | 39.937 110 | 18 | 735 | 810 | 13 |
| 32 | 116.331 100 | 39.975 710 | 12 | 375 | 420 | 10 |
| 33 | 116.278 600 | 39.939 240 | 18 | 660 | 780 | 13 |
| 34 | 116.303 600 | 39.921 550 | 8 | 345 | 420 | 8 |
| 35 | 116.261 600 | 40.089 830 | 18 | 765 | 840 | 13 |
| 36 | 116.310 700 | 39.898 860 | 6 | 375 | 450 | 7 |
| 37 | 116.330 400 | 39.986 510 | 18 | 345 | 420 | 13 |
| 38 | 116.283 500 | 39.911 140 | 6 | 300 | 420 | 7 |
| 39 | 116.369 900 | 40.003 590 | 12 | 645 | 720 | 10 |
| 40 | 116.272 844 | 40.085 885 | 6 | 465 | 510 | 7 |
| 方案 | 路径 | F1 | F2/h | F3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0-29-28-17-23-27-7-1-24-6-15-0 | 119.25 | 17.58 | 3 |
| 0-9-37-16-10-35-34-33-32-3-19-40-2-11-0 | ||||
| 0-25-26-22-8-13-21-31-36-12-4-5-20-18-14-39-30-38-0 | ||||
| 2 | 0-17-18-12-2-11-16-22-40-0 | 54.05 | 60.87 | 6 |
| 0-15-1-0 | ||||
| 0-19-14-0 | ||||
| 0-30-20-13-6-7-8-9-10-0 | ||||
| 0-4-34-35-36-37-38-21-0 | ||||
| 0-23-24-25-26-27-28-29-31-39-3-32-5-33-0 |
表4 行驶方案
Tab. 4 Driving schemes
| 方案 | 路径 | F1 | F2/h | F3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0-29-28-17-23-27-7-1-24-6-15-0 | 119.25 | 17.58 | 3 |
| 0-9-37-16-10-35-34-33-32-3-19-40-2-11-0 | ||||
| 0-25-26-22-8-13-21-31-36-12-4-5-20-18-14-39-30-38-0 | ||||
| 2 | 0-17-18-12-2-11-16-22-40-0 | 54.05 | 60.87 | 6 |
| 0-15-1-0 | ||||
| 0-19-14-0 | ||||
| 0-30-20-13-6-7-8-9-10-0 | ||||
| 0-4-34-35-36-37-38-21-0 | ||||
| 0-23-24-25-26-27-28-29-31-39-3-32-5-33-0 |
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