《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 2867-2876.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025081040
• 网络空间安全 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-09-09
修回日期:2025-11-05
接受日期:2025-11-10
发布日期:2025-11-17
出版日期:2026-09-10
通讯作者:
杨宏宇
作者简介:谢丽霞(1974—),女,重庆人,教授,硕士,CCF高级会员,主要研究方向:网络信息安全基金资助:
Lixia XIE1, Chaoyue CAO2, Hongyu YANG1,2(
)
Received:2025-09-09
Revised:2025-11-05
Accepted:2025-11-10
Online:2025-11-17
Published:2026-09-10
Contact:
Hongyu YANG
About author:XIE Lixia, born in 1974, M. S., professor. Her research interests include network information security.Supported by:摘要:
针对广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)系统通信报文缺乏加密与身份认证机制,易受到重放和轨迹伪造等欺骗性攻击,传统检测模型难以精确识别异常的问题,提出一种基于改进DeepLabV3+的ADS-B攻击检测方法。首先,通过构建灰度图将原本的ADS-B表格数据重构为灰度图,实现时空特征的图像化表达;其次,针对DeepLabV3+模型对ADS-B图像数据细节提取能力弱和分割图像边界模糊的问题,采用Haar小波下采样(HWD)模块替代ResNet101主干网络中的最大池化操作,在降维过程中有效保留轨迹异常与局部突变等关键特征;最后,在ADS-B低层特征图后引入无参注意力机制(SimAM),以强化局部空间结构表达,并在空洞空间金字塔池化(ASPP)模块后引入融合卷积块注意力模块(F_CBAM),通过通道与空间注意力并行交互突出关键语义区域。在ADS-B数据集上的实验结果表明,与基础DeepLabV3+模型相比,所提方法的平均交并比(mIoU)提高了6.73个百分点;在面对复杂攻击,尤其是拒绝服务(DoS)攻击和随机噪声攻击时,所提方法的F1分数分别达到96.07%与92.55%,显著优于U-Net(U-shaped convolutional Network)、SegFormer(Segmentation Transformer)和K-Net(Kernel Network)等主流模型,为ADS-B攻击的精准检测提供了新思路。
中图分类号:
谢丽霞, 曹超越, 杨宏宇. 基于改进DeepLabV3+的ADS-B攻击检测方法[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(9): 2867-2876.
Lixia XIE, Chaoyue CAO, Hongyu YANG. ADS-B attack detection method based on improved DeepLabV3+[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(9): 2867-2876.
| 方法 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| LSTM-ED[ | 86.61 | 91.64 | 88.04 |
| VAE-SVDD[ | 87.43 | 90.58 | 88.59 |
| GAN-LSTM[ | 86.88 | 88.84 | 87.25 |
| TTSAD[ | 87.85 | 90.46 | 88.43 |
| DeepLabV3+[ | 96.79 | 95.80 | 96.26 |
| 本文方法 | 98.79 | 98.21 | 98.48 |
表1 不同方法在攻击检测二分类任务中的性能对比 (%)
Tab. 1 Performance comparison of different methods in attack detection binary classification tasks
| 方法 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| LSTM-ED[ | 86.61 | 91.64 | 88.04 |
| VAE-SVDD[ | 87.43 | 90.58 | 88.59 |
| GAN-LSTM[ | 86.88 | 88.84 | 87.25 |
| TTSAD[ | 87.85 | 90.46 | 88.43 |
| DeepLabV3+[ | 96.79 | 95.80 | 96.26 |
| 本文方法 | 98.79 | 98.21 | 98.48 |
| 攻击类型 | 评估指标 | U-Net[ | SegFormer[ | K-Net[ | Fast-SCNN[ | DeepLabV3+[ | 本文方法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高度偏移 | 精确率 | 93.82 | 84.00 | 92.39 | 53.64 | 93.26 | 96.24 |
| 召回率 | 80.51 | 83.17 | 74.60 | 84.08 | 85.55 | 95.43 | |
| F1分数 | 86.66 | 83.59 | 82.55 | 65.50 | 89.24 | 95.83 | |
| 速度偏移 | 精确率 | 95.50 | 81.81 | 86.42 | 98.32 | 88.50 | 97.37 |
| 召回率 | 85.42 | 82.68 | 91.56 | 50.75 | 98.46 | 99.70 | |
| F1分数 | 90.18 | 82.24 | 88.92 | 66.94 | 93.21 | 98.52 | |
| 重放攻击 | 精确率 | 43.77 | 78.72 | 51.17 | 58.30 | 85.23 | 82.80 |
| 召回率 | 61.20 | 40.23 | 50.37 | 32.40 | 89.70 | 98.30 | |
| F1分数 | 51.04 | 53.25 | 50.76 | 41.65 | 87.41 | 89.89 | |
| 随机噪声 | 精确率 | 77.82 | 73.97 | 80.01 | 70.02 | 94.32 | 89.18 |
| 召回率 | 85.68 | 85.11 | 82.09 | 79.95 | 76.94 | 96.19 | |
| F1分数 | 81.56 | 79.15 | 81.03 | 74.65 | 84.75 | 92.55 | |
| 航迹异常 | 精确率 | 98.83 | 91.48 | 96.06 | 97.89 | 93.48 | 93.73 |
| 召回率 | 90.72 | 94.65 | 97.86 | 92.26 | 99.97 | 99.31 | |
| F1分数 | 94.60 | 93.04 | 96.95 | 94.99 | 96.62 | 96.44 | |
| DoS攻击 | 精确率 | 47.15 | 33.52 | 38.74 | 29.11 | 90.01 | 95.96 |
| 召回率 | 79.62 | 64.82 | 68.58 | 91.37 | 93.28 | 96.17 | |
| F1分数 | 59.23 | 44.19 | 49.51 | 44.16 | 91.62 | 96.07 | |
| 平均交并比 | 68.75 | 63.76 | 66.71 | 55.56 | 84.55 | 91.28 | |
表2 不同方法在攻击检测多分类任务中的性能对比 (%)
Tab. 2 Performance comparison of different methods in attack detection multi-class classification tasks
| 攻击类型 | 评估指标 | U-Net[ | SegFormer[ | K-Net[ | Fast-SCNN[ | DeepLabV3+[ | 本文方法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高度偏移 | 精确率 | 93.82 | 84.00 | 92.39 | 53.64 | 93.26 | 96.24 |
| 召回率 | 80.51 | 83.17 | 74.60 | 84.08 | 85.55 | 95.43 | |
| F1分数 | 86.66 | 83.59 | 82.55 | 65.50 | 89.24 | 95.83 | |
| 速度偏移 | 精确率 | 95.50 | 81.81 | 86.42 | 98.32 | 88.50 | 97.37 |
| 召回率 | 85.42 | 82.68 | 91.56 | 50.75 | 98.46 | 99.70 | |
| F1分数 | 90.18 | 82.24 | 88.92 | 66.94 | 93.21 | 98.52 | |
| 重放攻击 | 精确率 | 43.77 | 78.72 | 51.17 | 58.30 | 85.23 | 82.80 |
| 召回率 | 61.20 | 40.23 | 50.37 | 32.40 | 89.70 | 98.30 | |
| F1分数 | 51.04 | 53.25 | 50.76 | 41.65 | 87.41 | 89.89 | |
| 随机噪声 | 精确率 | 77.82 | 73.97 | 80.01 | 70.02 | 94.32 | 89.18 |
| 召回率 | 85.68 | 85.11 | 82.09 | 79.95 | 76.94 | 96.19 | |
| F1分数 | 81.56 | 79.15 | 81.03 | 74.65 | 84.75 | 92.55 | |
| 航迹异常 | 精确率 | 98.83 | 91.48 | 96.06 | 97.89 | 93.48 | 93.73 |
| 召回率 | 90.72 | 94.65 | 97.86 | 92.26 | 99.97 | 99.31 | |
| F1分数 | 94.60 | 93.04 | 96.95 | 94.99 | 96.62 | 96.44 | |
| DoS攻击 | 精确率 | 47.15 | 33.52 | 38.74 | 29.11 | 90.01 | 95.96 |
| 召回率 | 79.62 | 64.82 | 68.58 | 91.37 | 93.28 | 96.17 | |
| F1分数 | 59.23 | 44.19 | 49.51 | 44.16 | 91.62 | 96.07 | |
| 平均交并比 | 68.75 | 63.76 | 66.71 | 55.56 | 84.55 | 91.28 | |
| 方法 | 主干网络 | mIoU | mPrecision | mRecall |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeepLabV3+ | ResNet101 | 75.20 | 85.22 | 83.28 |
| DeepLabV3+HWD | ResNet101 | 81.05 | 86.23 | 90.50 |
表3 ResNet101的模块改进实验结果 (%)
Tab. 3 Experimental results of ResNet101 module improvement
| 方法 | 主干网络 | mIoU | mPrecision | mRecall |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeepLabV3+ | ResNet101 | 75.20 | 85.22 | 83.28 |
| DeepLabV3+HWD | ResNet101 | 81.05 | 86.23 | 90.50 |
| 注意力机制 | mIoU | mPrecision | mRecall |
|---|---|---|---|
| SimAM | 83.22 | 87.55 | 91.80 |
| EANet | 82.85 | 86.67 | 90.78 |
| ECA | 81.95 | 86.35 | 90.13 |
| CBAM | 82.50 | 87.36 | 91.82 |
| F_CBAM | 83.75 | 88.15 | 92.32 |
表4 不同注意力机制的对比实验结果 (%)
Tab. 4 Comparative experimental results of different attention mechanisms
| 注意力机制 | mIoU | mPrecision | mRecall |
|---|---|---|---|
| SimAM | 83.22 | 87.55 | 91.80 |
| EANet | 82.85 | 86.67 | 90.78 |
| ECA | 81.95 | 86.35 | 90.13 |
| CBAM | 82.50 | 87.36 | 91.82 |
| F_CBAM | 83.75 | 88.15 | 92.32 |
| ResNet101 | SimAM | EANet | ECA | CBAM | F_ CBAM | HWD | mIoU | mPrecision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | | | 84.85 | 87.82 | |||
| | | | | 84.25 | 88.55 | |||
| | | | | 91.28 | 93.25 | |||
| | | | | 83.25 | 87.26 | |||
| | | | | 83.60 | 89.35 | |||
| | | | | 86.68 | 91.66 |
表5 不同模块组合的对比实验结果 (%)
Tab. 5 Comparative experimental results of different module combinations
| ResNet101 | SimAM | EANet | ECA | CBAM | F_ CBAM | HWD | mIoU | mPrecision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | | | 84.85 | 87.82 | |||
| | | | | 84.25 | 88.55 | |||
| | | | | 91.28 | 93.25 | |||
| | | | | 83.25 | 87.26 | |||
| | | | | 83.60 | 89.35 | |||
| | | | | 86.68 | 91.66 |
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