《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 2968-2976.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025080985
• 多媒体计算与计算机仿真 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-08-28
修回日期:2025-10-10
接受日期:2025-10-16
发布日期:2026-09-16
出版日期:2026-09-10
通讯作者:
姚华
作者简介:姚华(2001—),男,安徽铜陵人,硕士研究生,CCF会员,主要研究方向:目标检测基金资助:
Hua YAO(
), Gaoming YANG, Xuelian LI, Kaixuan LU
Received:2025-08-28
Revised:2025-10-10
Accepted:2025-10-16
Online:2026-09-16
Published:2026-09-10
Contact:
Hua YAO
About author:YAO Hua,born in 2001, M. S. candidate. His research interestsinclude object detection.摘要:
针对遥感图像中小目标检测背景干扰严重以及多尺度特征提取和融合不充分导致检测精度下降的问题,提出一种动态感知和交叉调制网络(DPCMNet)。首先,为增强模型对细粒度目标的感知能力,设计多层次的混合特征聚合(HFA)模块,以动态强化小目标区域的响应强度,有效地丰富纹理和结构特征;其次,提出动态调制融合(DMF)模块,引入通道和空间联合调制机制,实现特征间的自适应交互,从而缓解多尺度融合过程中的信息丢失,并提升小目标的定位和识别能力;最后,基于DMF模块构建动态调制融合金字塔(DMFP),通过高层语义信息和浅层细节补偿的跨尺度关联,实现特征的渐进式融合与增强。实验结果显示,DPCMNet在USOD(Unicorn Small Object Dataset)和VEDAI(VEhicle Detection in Aerial Imagery)遥感小目标数据集上均提升了检测性能,该网络的平均精度(AP)较基准模型YOLOv11n分别提高了2.9和3.1个百分点。
中图分类号:
姚华, 杨高明, 李雪莲, 陆凯旋. 基于动态感知和交叉调制的遥感小目标检测[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(9): 2968-2976.
Hua YAO, Gaoming YANG, Xuelian LI, Kaixuan LU. Remote sensing small object detection with dynamic perception and cross-modulation[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(9): 2968-2976.
| 模型 | AP/% | AP50/% | AP75/% | APvt/% | APt/% | APs/% | 参数量/106 | 浮点运算量/GFLOPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faster R-CNN | 31.2 | 81.4 | 12.3 | 9.6 | 30.7 | 38.3 | 43.1 | 223.6 |
| ATSS | 31.3 | 84.9 | 11.3 | 9.7 | 30.8 | 38.7 | 32.0 | 205.2 |
| TOOD | 31.6 | 83.6 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 31.4 | 37.3 | 31.9 | 201.1 |
| DAB-DETR | 28.6 | 80.8 | 10.4 | 8.2 | 28.5 | 35.3 | 47.2 | 163.5 |
| YOLOv7 | 25.6 | 79.4 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 25.5 | 28.0 | 6.0 | 13.0 |
| YOLOv8s | 29.3 | 82.1 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 28.7 | 34.4 | 11.1 | 28.8 |
| YOLOv8n | 29.8 | 82.2 | 11.2 | 9.6 | 28.9 | 36.0 | 3.1 | 8.9 |
| YOLOv11s | 32.4 | 87.0 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 31.3 | 36.9 | 9.4 | 21.3 |
| YOLOv11n | 31.6 | 83.2 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 30.8 | 37.2 | 2.6 | 6.6 |
| FFCA-YOLO | 33.8 | 88.8 | 14.2 | 15.5 | 34.1 | 37.0 | 7.1 | 51.7 |
| DPCMNet | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 | 1.2 | 9.9 |
表1 USOD数据集上的对比实验结果
Tab. 1 Comparison experimental results on USOD dataset
| 模型 | AP/% | AP50/% | AP75/% | APvt/% | APt/% | APs/% | 参数量/106 | 浮点运算量/GFLOPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faster R-CNN | 31.2 | 81.4 | 12.3 | 9.6 | 30.7 | 38.3 | 43.1 | 223.6 |
| ATSS | 31.3 | 84.9 | 11.3 | 9.7 | 30.8 | 38.7 | 32.0 | 205.2 |
| TOOD | 31.6 | 83.6 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 31.4 | 37.3 | 31.9 | 201.1 |
| DAB-DETR | 28.6 | 80.8 | 10.4 | 8.2 | 28.5 | 35.3 | 47.2 | 163.5 |
| YOLOv7 | 25.6 | 79.4 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 25.5 | 28.0 | 6.0 | 13.0 |
| YOLOv8s | 29.3 | 82.1 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 28.7 | 34.4 | 11.1 | 28.8 |
| YOLOv8n | 29.8 | 82.2 | 11.2 | 9.6 | 28.9 | 36.0 | 3.1 | 8.9 |
| YOLOv11s | 32.4 | 87.0 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 31.3 | 36.9 | 9.4 | 21.3 |
| YOLOv11n | 31.6 | 83.2 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 30.8 | 37.2 | 2.6 | 6.6 |
| FFCA-YOLO | 33.8 | 88.8 | 14.2 | 15.5 | 34.1 | 37.0 | 7.1 | 51.7 |
| DPCMNet | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 | 1.2 | 9.9 |
| 骨干网络 | AP | AP50 | AP75 | APvt | APt | APs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSPDarkNet53 | 31.7 | 86.1 | 12.8 | 13.4 | 30.5 | 36.6 |
| 本文骨干网络 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 |
表2 不同主干网络的性能对比 (%)
Tab. 2 Performance comparison of different backbone networks
| 骨干网络 | AP | AP50 | AP75 | APvt | APt | APs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSPDarkNet53 | 31.7 | 86.1 | 12.8 | 13.4 | 30.5 | 36.6 |
| 本文骨干网络 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 |
| 特征融合策略 | AP | AP50 | AP75 | APs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BiFPN | 34.0 | 88.5 | 13.9 | 36.7 |
| AFPN | 29.9 | 83.9 | 10.4 | 32.6 |
| DMFP | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 38.3 |
表3 不同特征金字塔的性能对比 (%)
Tab. 3 Performance comparison of different feature pyramids
| 特征融合策略 | AP | AP50 | AP75 | APs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BiFPN | 34.0 | 88.5 | 13.9 | 36.7 |
| AFPN | 29.9 | 83.9 | 10.4 | 32.6 |
| DMFP | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 38.3 |
| 模型 | AP | AP50 | AP75 | APt | APs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faster R-CNN | 41.9 | 70.9 | 43.0 | 24.5 | 42.3 |
| ATSS | 40.8 | 67.9 | 46.1 | 35.3 | 41.1 |
| TOOD | 39.8 | 63.3 | 43.6 | 24.6 | 40.8 |
| DAB-DETR | 35.4 | 67.0 | 34.0 | 22.5 | 35.1 |
| YOLOv7 | 32.2 | 55.2 | 35.3 | 30.0 | 33.8 |
| YOLOv8n | 40.8 | 64.6 | 43.8 | 30.7 | 41.8 |
| YOLOv11n | 39.6 | 63.7 | 42.7 | 21.6 | 40.5 |
| FFCA-YOLO | 40.0 | 68.3 | 44.3 | 27.0 | 41.2 |
| DPCMNet | 42.7 | 68.4 | 48.3 | 31.4 | 43.8 |
表4 VEDAI数据集上的对比实验结果 (%)
Tab. 4 Comparison experimental results on VEDAI dataset
| 模型 | AP | AP50 | AP75 | APt | APs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faster R-CNN | 41.9 | 70.9 | 43.0 | 24.5 | 42.3 |
| ATSS | 40.8 | 67.9 | 46.1 | 35.3 | 41.1 |
| TOOD | 39.8 | 63.3 | 43.6 | 24.6 | 40.8 |
| DAB-DETR | 35.4 | 67.0 | 34.0 | 22.5 | 35.1 |
| YOLOv7 | 32.2 | 55.2 | 35.3 | 30.0 | 33.8 |
| YOLOv8n | 40.8 | 64.6 | 43.8 | 30.7 | 41.8 |
| YOLOv11n | 39.6 | 63.7 | 42.7 | 21.6 | 40.5 |
| FFCA-YOLO | 40.0 | 68.3 | 44.3 | 27.0 | 41.2 |
| DPCMNet | 42.7 | 68.4 | 48.3 | 31.4 | 43.8 |
| 模型 | 浮点运算量/GFLOPs | 帧率/(frame·s-1) | 推理时间/ms |
|---|---|---|---|
| YOLOv8s | 28.8 | 164.6 | 6.0 |
| YOLOv11s | 21.3 | 166.8 | 5.9 |
| FFCA-YOLO | 51.7 | 61.7 | 15.0 |
| DPCMNet | 9.9 | 220.4 | 4.5 |
表5 推理速度的对比
Tab. 5 Comparison of inference speed
| 模型 | 浮点运算量/GFLOPs | 帧率/(frame·s-1) | 推理时间/ms |
|---|---|---|---|
| YOLOv8s | 28.8 | 164.6 | 6.0 |
| YOLOv11s | 21.3 | 166.8 | 5.9 |
| FFCA-YOLO | 51.7 | 61.7 | 15.0 |
| DPCMNet | 9.9 | 220.4 | 4.5 |
| g | AP/% | AP50/% | AP75/% | APvt/% | APt/% | APs/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31.0 | 84.6 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 30.0 | 35.6 |
| 2 | 34.0 | 88.9 | 15.0 | 16.3 | 32.8 | 37.0 |
| 3 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 |
| 4 | 34.2 | 89.4 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 33.1 | 37.0 |
| 5 | 33.4 | 88.0 | 14.2 | 16.9 | 32.1 | 36.0 |
表6 HFA模块分块大小对性能的影响
Tab. 6 Impact of block size on performance of HFA module
| g | AP/% | AP50/% | AP75/% | APvt/% | APt/% | APs/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31.0 | 84.6 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 30.0 | 35.6 |
| 2 | 34.0 | 88.9 | 15.0 | 16.3 | 32.8 | 37.0 |
| 3 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 |
| 4 | 34.2 | 89.4 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 33.1 | 37.0 |
| 5 | 33.4 | 88.0 | 14.2 | 16.9 | 32.1 | 36.0 |
| m | AP/% | AP50/% | AP75/% | APvt/% | APt/% | APs/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33.6 | 87.8 | 14.4 | 15.3 | 32.1 | 36.4 |
| 2 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 |
| 3 | 31.2 | 85.0 | 12.0 | 12.6 | 30.4 | 37.5 |
表7 DMF模块中DMFB模块数对实验结果的影响
Tab. 7 Impact of number of DMFB modules in DMF module on experimental results
| m | AP/% | AP50/% | AP75/% | APvt/% | APt/% | APs/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33.6 | 87.8 | 14.4 | 15.3 | 32.1 | 36.4 |
| 2 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 |
| 3 | 31.2 | 85.0 | 12.0 | 12.6 | 30.4 | 37.5 |
| n | AP/% | AP50/% | AP75/% | APvt/% | APt/% | APs/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33.9 | 88.5 | 15.0 | 15.6 | 32.7 | 36.0 |
| 2 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 |
| 3 | 30.9 | 84.4 | 12.2 | 14.3 | 29.9 | 35.3 |
表8 CSG模块中DMFB模块数对实验结果的影响
Tab. 8 Impact of number of DMFB modules in CSG module on experimental results
| n | AP/% | AP50/% | AP75/% | APvt/% | APt/% | APs/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33.9 | 88.5 | 15.0 | 15.6 | 32.7 | 36.0 |
| 2 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 |
| 3 | 30.9 | 84.4 | 12.2 | 14.3 | 29.9 | 35.3 |
| HFA | DMF | CSG | AP | AP50 | AP75 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| × | × | × | 30.3 | 83.5 | 12.0 |
| √ | × | × | 31.5 | 86.2 | 12.7 |
| × | √ | × | 32.6 | 87.5 | 12.6 |
| √ | √ | × | 33.6 | 87.9 | 14.3 |
| √ | √ | √ | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 |
表9 在USOD数据集上的消融实验结果 (%)
Tab. 9 Ablation experimental results on USOD dataset
| HFA | DMF | CSG | AP | AP50 | AP75 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| × | × | × | 30.3 | 83.5 | 12.0 |
| √ | × | × | 31.5 | 86.2 | 12.7 |
| × | √ | × | 32.6 | 87.5 | 12.6 |
| √ | √ | × | 33.6 | 87.9 | 14.3 |
| √ | √ | √ | 34.5 | 89.4 | 14.9 |
| 层序号 | DPCMNet | Baseline | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模块 | 参数量 | 模块 | 参数量 | |
| 合计 | — | 704 054 | — | 1 398 312 |
| 0 | CBS | 464 | Conv | 464 |
| 1 | CBS | 4 672 | Conv | 4 672 |
| 2 | HFA | 75 008 | C3k2 | 6 728 |
| 3 | CBS | 18 496 | Conv | 36 992 |
| 4 | CSG | 77 670 | C3k2 | 26 448 |
| 5 | CBS | 147 712 | Conv | 147 712 |
| 6 | HFA | 305 664 | C3k2 | 117 376 |
| 7 | SPPF | 74 368 | Conv | 295 424 |
| 8 | — | — | C3k2 | 335 872 |
| 9 | — | — | SPPF | 164 480 |
| 10 | — | — | C2PSA | 262 144 |
表10 主干网络参数量的对比
Tab. 10 Comparison of parameter counts in backbone networks
| 层序号 | DPCMNet | Baseline | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模块 | 参数量 | 模块 | 参数量 | |
| 合计 | — | 704 054 | — | 1 398 312 |
| 0 | CBS | 464 | Conv | 464 |
| 1 | CBS | 4 672 | Conv | 4 672 |
| 2 | HFA | 75 008 | C3k2 | 6 728 |
| 3 | CBS | 18 496 | Conv | 36 992 |
| 4 | CSG | 77 670 | C3k2 | 26 448 |
| 5 | CBS | 147 712 | Conv | 147 712 |
| 6 | HFA | 305 664 | C3k2 | 117 376 |
| 7 | SPPF | 74 368 | Conv | 295 424 |
| 8 | — | — | C3k2 | 335 872 |
| 9 | — | — | SPPF | 164 480 |
| 10 | — | — | C2PSA | 262 144 |
| 层序号 | 模块 | 参数量 |
|---|---|---|
| 合计 | — | 547 907 |
| 8 | Concat(6,10) | 0 |
| 9 | DMF | 115 395 |
| 10 | CBS | 18 496 |
| 11 | Concat(4,9,10) | 0 |
| 12 | DMF | 35 427 |
| 13 | CBS | 36 992 |
| 14 | Concat(7,9,13) | 0 |
| 15 | DMF | 123 587 |
| 16 | Detection Head | 218 010 |
表11 DPCMNet融合与检测模块的参数量
Tab. 11 Parameter counts of DPCMNet fusion and detection modules
| 层序号 | 模块 | 参数量 |
|---|---|---|
| 合计 | — | 547 907 |
| 8 | Concat(6,10) | 0 |
| 9 | DMF | 115 395 |
| 10 | CBS | 18 496 |
| 11 | Concat(4,9,10) | 0 |
| 12 | DMF | 35 427 |
| 13 | CBS | 36 992 |
| 14 | Concat(7,9,13) | 0 |
| 15 | DMF | 123 587 |
| 16 | Detection Head | 218 010 |
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