《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 2847-2856.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025081037

• 数据科学与技术 • 上一篇    

面向病历知识图谱展示应用的力导向布局可视化方法

周东阳, 杜金莲(), 金雪云   

  1. 北京工业大学 计算机学院,北京 100124
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-10-25 接受日期:2025-11-11 发布日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 杜金莲
  • 作者简介:周东阳(2000—),男,安徽合肥人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:知识图谱、数据可视化
    杜金莲(1972—),女,北京人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向:数据库、数据分析与可视化、软件工程
    金雪云(1972—),女,北京人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向:数据分析、软件工程。

Force-directed layout visualization method for medical record knowledge graph presentation applications

Dongyang ZHOU, Jinlian DU(), Xueyun JIN   

  1. College of Computer Science,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-10-25 Accepted:2025-11-11 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2026-09-10
  • Contact: Jinlian DU
  • About author:ZHOU Dongyang, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. His research interests include knowledge graph, data visualization.
    DU Jinlian, born in 1972, Ph. D., associate professor. Her research interests include databases, data analysis and visualization, software engineering.
    JIN Xueyun, born in 1972, Ph. D., lecturer. Her research interests include data analysis, software engineering.

摘要:

力导向布局方法是知识图谱可视化采用的经典方法,它通过节点间的引力和排斥力将节点均匀地分布在可视化空间内。但垂直领域的知识图谱可视化常与领域应用密切相关,经典的力导向布局方法不能满足垂直领域知识图谱的可视化需求。因此,以支持临床辅助诊疗应用的病历知识图谱可视化技术为目的,通过分析病历知识图谱的图结构、数据特点以及查询应用的可视化需求,提出改进的力导向布局方法。该方法在经典力导向布局模型的基础上引入同级同类型节点间引力、同级异类型节点间排斥力和非叶且非邻接节点间维持间距排斥力,使在布局上同级同类型节点能集中在同一个区域,同级不同类型节点分布到不同的区域,不同级别的节点以合理的间距分布,从而减少节点挤压和边交叉现象,使最终生成的可视化布局能清晰地展示数据的类型特征、数量特征和社区特征。此外,将节点的类型和同级同类型节点数作为决定节点间边长的因子,并通过边的长度表达节点的重要性,从而进一步提升可视化布局的合理性,以强化语义的可视化表达。实验结果表明,在垂直领域语义可视化能力方面,本文方法的节点类型空间区分度(NTSD)均值相较于FR(Fruchterman-Reingold)方法平均提升了165.5%。从可视化结果来看,该方法在电子病历知识图谱可视化上获得了更好的效果。

关键词: 病历知识图谱, 可视化表达, 力导向布局, 节点链接图, 融合类型信息的力导向方法

Abstract:

The force-directed layout method is a classical approach used for knowledge graph visualization, and it distributes nodes in the visualization space uniformly through attractive and repulsive forces between nodes. However, since visualization of domain-specific knowledge graphs is often closely related to domain applications, the classical force-directed layout method cannot meet the visualization requirements of domain-specific knowledge graphs. Therefore, an improved force-directed layout method was proposed by analyzing the graph structure, data characteristics, and visualization requirements of query applications of medical record knowledge graphs, with the aim of supporting visualization technology for medical record knowledge graphs in clinical assisted diagnosis and treatment applications. In the method, based on the classical force-directed layout model, attractive force between nodes of the same level and same type, repulsive force between nodes of the same level but different types, and repulsive force between non-leaf and non-adjacent nodes to maintain the spacing were introduced. As a result, nodes of the same level and the same type were grouped into the same region, nodes of the same level but different types were distributed into separate regions, and nodes at different levels were distributed with reasonable spacing, thereby reducing node crowding and edge crossings; so that the data’s type characteristics, quantity characteristics, and community characteristics were revealed by the final generated visualization layout clearly. Additionally, node type and the number of same-level, same-type nodes were taken as factors determining edge length between nodes, and the node importance was represented through edge length, thereby further improving the rationality of the visualization layout and enhancing semantic visualization. Experimental results show that in terms of semantic visualization capability in vertical domains, the proposed method achieves an average improvement of 165.5% in the mean Node-Type Spatial Discriminability (NTSD) compared with the FR (Fruchterman-Reingold) method. As the visualization results, this method has better performance for electronic medical record knowledge graph visualization.

Key words: medical record knowledge graph, visual expression, force-directed layout, node-link graph, force-directed method integrating type information

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