《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 3107-3116.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025091092

• 人工智能 • 上一篇    

基于提示引导生成与三元交互注意力的意图槽位联合识别方法

滕尚志1, 黄进1, 吕学强1, 游新冬2()   

  1. 1.网络文化与数字传播北京市重点实验室(北京信息科技大学),北京 100101
    2.北京印刷学院 信息工程学院,北京 102600
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-19 修回日期:2026-01-07 接受日期:2026-01-14 发布日期:2026-03-16 出版日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 游新冬
  • 作者简介:滕尚志(1989—),男,江苏沛县人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向:自然语言处理
    黄进(2000—),男,河北唐山人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:自然语言处理
    吕学强(1970—),男,辽宁抚顺人,教授,博士,CCF会员,主要研究方向:人工智能、大数据
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(62171043)

Joint intent-slot recognition method based on prompt-guided generation and tri-mutual attention

Shangzhi TENG1, Jin HUANG1, Xueqiang LYU1, Xindong YOU2()   

  1. 1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Internet Culture Digital Dissemination (Beijing Information Science and Technology University),Beijing 100101,China
    2.School of Information Engineering,Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600,China
  • Received:2025-09-19 Revised:2026-01-07 Accepted:2026-01-14 Online:2026-03-16 Published:2026-10-10
  • Contact: Xindong YOU
  • About author:TENG Shangzhi, born in 1989, Ph. D., associate professor. His research interests include natural language processing.
    HUANG Jin, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. His research interests include natural language processing.
    LYU Xueqiang, born in 1970, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include artificial intelligence, big data.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171043)

摘要:

针对大语言模型(LLM)在意图识别与槽位填充任务中生成结果多样性带来的语义歧义和候选选择困难问题,提出一种基于提示引导生成与三元交互注意力机制的意图?槽位联合识别方法——PGT-Joint(Prompt-guided Generation and Tri-mutual attention for Joint intent-slot recognition)。首先,结合领域知识构建提示,引导LLM生成多组候选意图?槽位组合;其次,设计三元交互注意力机制,显式建模用户问题、候选意图和槽位之间的高阶语义关系;最后,通过对比学习排序模型对候选结果进行筛选与优化。实验结果表明,在Mini/Micro LED领域问答数据集上,与全局?局部图交互网络(GL-GIN)以外的当前主流模型如BERT-Intent、BERT-Slot相比,PGT-Joint在意图识别准确率上的提升幅度达到0.4~3.8个百分点,在槽位填充F1值上的提升幅度达到4.1~6.6个百分点,在意图与槽位完全匹配准确率上的提升最显著,提升幅度达到5.2~10.2个百分点。此外,消融实验结果验证了提示生成和三元交互注意力机制在性能提升中的关键作用,说明PGT-Joint能够在专业领域对话系统中有效增强语义理解能力。

关键词: 意图识别, 槽位填充, 大语言模型, 对比学习, 注意力机制

Abstract:

To address the semantic ambiguity and difficulty in candidate selection caused by the diverse results generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) in intent detection and slot filling tasks, a joint intent-slot recognition method based on prompt-guided generation and tri-mutual attention mechanism was proposed, named PGT-Joint (Prompt-guided Generation and Tri-mutual attention for Joint intent-slot recognition). First, the prompts were constructed based on domain knowledge to guide the LLM in generating multiple candidate intent-slot combinations. Second, a tri-mutual attention mechanism was designed to model the high-order semantic relationships among user questions, candidate intents, and slots explicitly. Finally, a contrastive learning ranking model was used to filter and optimize the candidate results. Experimental results on a Mini/Micro LED domain question-answering dataset show that compared with current mainstream models except Global-Locally Graph Interaction Network (GL-GIN), such as BERT-Intent and BERT-Slot, PGT-Joint improves the intent detection accuracy by 0.4 to 3.8 percentage points and the slot filling F1 score by 4.1 to 6.6 percentage points. Notably, the most significant gain is in overall accuracy, with an improvement of 5.2 to 10.2 percentage points. In addition, ablation experimental results verify the key roles of prompt generation and tri-mutual attention mechanism in performance improvement, indicating that PGT-Joint can enhance semantic understanding capabilities in domain-specific dialogue systems effectively.

Key words: intent detection, slot filling, Large Language Model (LLM), contrastive learning, attention mechanism

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