《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 3153-3160.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025091104

• 人工智能 • 上一篇    

面向航空数据链的大语言模型信息抽取

汤魁1, 高拴梁2(), 李阳2, 李赓2, 张嘉兴2, 祝远芳2, 付永明1, 毛瑞棋1, 梁红茹2   

  1. 1.中国人民解放军93216部队,北京 100085
    2.四川大学 计算机学院,成都 610065
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-21 修回日期:2025-11-06 接受日期:2025-11-07 发布日期:2025-12-04 出版日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 高拴梁
  • 作者简介:汤魁(1978—),男,湖北黄石人,副研究员,硕士,主要研究方向:信息系统、软件工程
    李阳(2003—),男,四川遂宁人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:自然语言处理
    李赓(2003—),男,山东聊城人,主要研究方向:自然语言处理
    张嘉兴(2004—),男,河北唐山人,主要研究方向:多模态大模型
    祝远芳(2004—),女,江西新余人,主要研究方向:自然语言处理
    付永明(1987—),男,山西晋城人,工程师,博士,主要研究方向:航空通信
    毛瑞棋(1996—),男,湖南常德人,工程师,博士,主要研究方向:航空通信
    梁红茹(1992—),女,河北新乐人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向:自然语言处理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(8217XXXXX);多域数据协同处理与控制全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(CLDL-20240201)

Large language model information extraction for aeronautical data link

Kui TANG1, Shuanliang GAO2(), Yang LI2, Geng LI2, Jiaxing ZHANG2, Yuanfang ZHU2, Yongming FU1, Ruiqi MAO1, Hongru LIANG2   

  1. 1.Unit 93216 of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army,Beijing 100085,China
    2.College of Computer Science,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan 610065,China
  • Received:2025-09-21 Revised:2025-11-06 Accepted:2025-11-07 Online:2025-12-04 Published:2026-10-10
  • Contact: Shuanliang GAO
  • About author:TANG Kui, born in 1978, M. S., associate research fellow. His research interests include information systems, software engineering.
    LI Yang, born in 2003, M. S. candidate. His research interests include natural language processing.
    LI Geng, born in 2003. His research interests include natural language processing.
    ZHANG Jiaxing, born in 2004. His research interests include large multimodal models.
    ZHU Yuanfang, born in 2004. Her research interests include natural language processing.
    FU Yongming, born in 1987, Ph. D., engineer. His research interests include aviation communications.
    MAO Ruiqi, born in 1996, Ph. D., engineer. His research interests include aviation communications.
    LIANG Hongru, born in 1992, Ph. D., associate professor. Her research interests include natural language processing.
  • Supported by:
    General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(8217XXXXX);Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Multi-domain Data Collaborative Processing and Control(CLDL-20240201)

摘要:

在诸如航空数据链指令解析等军事领域的严肃任务场景中,信息抽取系统需要同时具备高准确性与结构一致性,以确保任务执行的安全与可靠。然而,传统基于规则或少样本示例提示的抽取方法在面对复杂语义、灵活句式和高约束结构时,抽取结果存在严重的幻觉。为了解决这个问题,提出基于大语言模型(LLM)的检索增强生成式信息抽取(RAG-IE)算法,该算法结合检索增强技术与信息抽取技术。首先,构建面向目标信息类型的元语言库,并据此提供标准化抽取模板;其次,基于倒排索引结合关键词与语义扩展策略实现高效模板检索;最后,通过提示词设计引导大语言模型将自然语言转换为结构化信息,实现对航空数据链自然语言指令的具有高度可控性与准确率的信息抽取。实验结果表明,该算法优于现有的信息抽取算法,大幅减少了大语言模型抽取信息中所存在的幻觉,同时具有良好的领域无关性,可通过重构元语言库扩展至其他需要高可靠抽取的场景,为智能化、可验证的信息处理系统提供了一种通用技术路径。

关键词: 信息抽取, 检索增强, 大语言模型, 提示工程, 少样本学习

Abstract:

In critical task scenarios such as aeronautical data link command parsing in the military domain, information extraction systems must achieve both high accuracy and structural consistency to ensure the safety and reliability of mission execution. However, the traditional extraction methods based on rules or few-shot example prompts often suffer from severe extraction results’ hallucinations when dealing with complex semantics, flexible syntax, and highly constrained structures. To address this issue, a Retrieval-Augmented Generation Information Extraction (RAG-IE) algorithm based on Large Language Model (LLM) was proposed by combining retrieval-augmented technology with information extraction technology. First, a meta-language library oriented to the target information types was constructed to provide standardized extraction templates. Then, efficient template retrieval was achieved based on an inverted index by combining keyword matching with semantic expansion strategies. Finally, the prompts were designed to guide the LLM to convert natural language into structured information, thereby enabling highly controllable and accurate information extraction of natural language commands in aviation data link scenarios. Experimental results show that this algorithm is superior to the existing information extraction algorithms, reducing the hallucinations in the information extracted by LLMs greatly. Meanwhile, this algorithm has strong domain independence and can be extended to other scenarios requiring highly reliable extraction by reconstructing the meta-language library, providing a generalizable technical pathway for building intelligent and verifiable information processing systems.

Key words: information extraction, retrieval augmentation, Large Language Model (LLM), prompt engineering, few-shot learning

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