《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1634-1646.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025101275
• 前沿与综合应用 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-10-31
修回日期:2026-01-18
接受日期:2026-01-20
发布日期:2026-01-29
出版日期:2026-05-10
通讯作者:
魏舒娜
作者简介:崔凯燕(1992—),女,山西长治人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向:贝叶斯统计、医学图像处理
基金资助:Received:2025-10-31
Revised:2026-01-18
Accepted:2026-01-20
Online:2026-01-29
Published:2026-05-10
Contact:
Shuna WEI
About author:CUI Kaiyan, born in 1992, Ph. D., lecturer. Her research interests include Bayesian statistics, medical image processing.
Supported by:摘要:
磁共振成像(MRI)全采样扫描时间长,既制约检测效率,还易因受检者移动产生运动伪影。针对传统压缩感知MRI(CS-MRI)重建方法参数敏感性高、无法量化结果不确定性等问题,提出一种基于小波域稀疏贝叶斯学习(SBL)的非确定性MRI重建方法BU-MRI(Bayesian Uncertainty-guided MRI)。首先利用小波变换对图像进行多分辨率表征的优势,通过刻画MRI图像在小波域中的稀疏性作为先验,构建一个分层贝叶斯概率模型。其次,采用吉布斯(Gibbs)采样与边际似然最大化相结合的后验推断策略,实现对高维稀疏系数的有效估计与超参数的自适应更新。最后,基于更新后的模型参数,从欠采样的K空间数据中迭代恢复出高质量图像。此外,该方法还能够输出像素级的后验置信区间,为重建结果提供定量化的不确定性评估。仿真与真实MRI数据上的实验结果表明,BU-MRI方法的峰值信噪比(PSNR)与结构相似性指数(SSIM)优于零填充逆离散傅里叶变换(ZF-IDFT)和k-t鲁棒主成分分析(k-t RPCA)等方法;而且在真实心脏MRI数据和大脑MRI数据上,当采样率为0.5时,BU-MRI重建数据的PSNR分别达到44.42 dB和40.37 dB,SSIM分别达到0.976 5和0.954 7。BU-MRI方法在结构保真、误差抑制与频域一致性上表现优异,在不同采样率与噪声水平下收敛稳定且鲁棒性良好,能为临床MRI提供可靠且具备不确定性量化能力的重建框架。
中图分类号:
崔凯燕, 魏舒娜. 基于小波域稀疏贝叶斯学习的非确定性MRI重建[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(5): 1634-1646.
Kaiyan CUI, Shuna WEI. Wavelet-domain sparse Bayesian learning for uncertainty-aware MRI reconstruction[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(5): 1634-1646.
| 符号 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| 真实图像数据向量化后的列向量 | |
| 原始的观测数据向量 | |
| K空间欠采样掩码矩阵 | |
| 线性变换矩阵 | |
| 噪声矩阵 | |
| 傅里叶变换矩阵 | |
| 小波变换矩阵 | |
| 完整K空间数据 | |
| 掩码向量化后的列向量 | |
| 真实图像数据矩阵 | |
| 观测到的噪声向量 | |
| 传感矩阵 | |
| 先验分布的超参数向量 | |
| 超参数向量构成的对角精度矩阵 | |
| 分块的先验精度矩阵 | |
中间计算变量,正比于传感矩阵的共轭转置与 观测向量的乘积 | |
| 后验均值向量 | |
| 后验协方差矩阵对角线元素 | |
| 单位阵 |
表1 主要符号说明
Tab. 1 Description of main symbols
| 符号 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| 真实图像数据向量化后的列向量 | |
| 原始的观测数据向量 | |
| K空间欠采样掩码矩阵 | |
| 线性变换矩阵 | |
| 噪声矩阵 | |
| 傅里叶变换矩阵 | |
| 小波变换矩阵 | |
| 完整K空间数据 | |
| 掩码向量化后的列向量 | |
| 真实图像数据矩阵 | |
| 观测到的噪声向量 | |
| 传感矩阵 | |
| 先验分布的超参数向量 | |
| 超参数向量构成的对角精度矩阵 | |
| 分块的先验精度矩阵 | |
中间计算变量,正比于传感矩阵的共轭转置与 观测向量的乘积 | |
| 后验均值向量 | |
| 后验协方差矩阵对角线元素 | |
| 单位阵 |
高斯噪声 标准差 | 采样率p=0.20 | 采样率p=0.25 | 采样率p=0.30 | 采样率p=0.40 | 采样率p=0.50 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | |
| 28.75 | 0.465 0 | 29.99 | 0.495 8 | 31.01 | 0.523 1 | 32.15 | 0.541 7 | 33.20 | 0.558 2 | |
| 28.87 | 0.475 1 | 30.23 | 0.511 3 | 31.20 | 0.537 9 | 32.54 | 0.574 3 | 34.02 | 0.610 1 | |
| 28.58 | 0.463 9 | 30.17 | 0.510 5 | 31.02 | 0.526 9 | 32.57 | 0.575 5 | 33.95 | 0.607 2 | |
表2 仿真数据集图像在不同噪声及采样率下的PSNR与SSIM对比
Tab. 2 Comparison of PSNR and SSIM for simulated image dataset at different noise levels and sampling rates
高斯噪声 标准差 | 采样率p=0.20 | 采样率p=0.25 | 采样率p=0.30 | 采样率p=0.40 | 采样率p=0.50 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | |
| 28.75 | 0.465 0 | 29.99 | 0.495 8 | 31.01 | 0.523 1 | 32.15 | 0.541 7 | 33.20 | 0.558 2 | |
| 28.87 | 0.475 1 | 30.23 | 0.511 3 | 31.20 | 0.537 9 | 32.54 | 0.574 3 | 34.02 | 0.610 1 | |
| 28.58 | 0.463 9 | 30.17 | 0.510 5 | 31.02 | 0.526 9 | 32.57 | 0.575 5 | 33.95 | 0.607 2 | |
图3 仿真数据集图像上像素后验置信区间的BU-MRI重建不确定性量化
Fig. 3 Uncertainty quantification of BU-MRI reconstruction using pixel-wise posterior confidence intervals on simulated image datasets
图4 仿真数据集图像上BU-MRI在不同采样率与噪声水平下PSNR和SSIM的迭代收敛曲线
Fig. 4 Iteration convergence curves of PSNR and SSIM for BU-MRI on simulated image dataset at different sampling rates and noise levels
图6 仿真数据集图像上不同方法在多种噪声水平下的残差热力图对比
Fig. 6 Comparison of residual heatmaps obtained by different methods under multiple noise levels on simulated image dataset
| 方法 | p=0.20 | p=0.25 | p=0.30 | p=0.40 | p=0.50 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | |
| ZF-IDFT | 30.30 | 0.767 4 | 32.16 | 0.821 5 | 34.43 | 0.871 9 | 37.74 | 0.913 3 | 39.92 | 0.951 8 |
| k-t RPCA | 33.93 | 0.916 5 | 35.32 | 0.938 6 | 37.67 | 0.947 8 | 38.47 | 0.952 5 | 38.72 | 0.953 2 |
| TNN | 34.42 | 0.934 3 | 36.68 | 0.950 2 | 37.16 | 0.954 9 | 40.18 | 0.967 2 | 41.64 | 0.972 7 |
| MNN | 27.60 | 0.846 5 | 30.40 | 0.900 0 | 34.64 | 0.953 8 | 35.92 | 0.962 5 | 35.85 | 0.957 0 |
| TMNN | 35.46 | 0.953 6 | 37.02 | 0.961 1 | 36.46 | 0.961 1 | 39.09 | 0.970 5 | 40.47 | 0.975 2 |
| BU-MRI | 33.31 | 0.770 6 | 35.79 | 0.858 1 | 37.93 | 0.908 6 | 41.41 | 0.956 3 | 44.42 | 0.976 5 |
表3 真实心脏MRI图像上不同方法的性能对比
Tab. 3 Performance comparison of different methods on real cardiac MRI images
| 方法 | p=0.20 | p=0.25 | p=0.30 | p=0.40 | p=0.50 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | |
| ZF-IDFT | 30.30 | 0.767 4 | 32.16 | 0.821 5 | 34.43 | 0.871 9 | 37.74 | 0.913 3 | 39.92 | 0.951 8 |
| k-t RPCA | 33.93 | 0.916 5 | 35.32 | 0.938 6 | 37.67 | 0.947 8 | 38.47 | 0.952 5 | 38.72 | 0.953 2 |
| TNN | 34.42 | 0.934 3 | 36.68 | 0.950 2 | 37.16 | 0.954 9 | 40.18 | 0.967 2 | 41.64 | 0.972 7 |
| MNN | 27.60 | 0.846 5 | 30.40 | 0.900 0 | 34.64 | 0.953 8 | 35.92 | 0.962 5 | 35.85 | 0.957 0 |
| TMNN | 35.46 | 0.953 6 | 37.02 | 0.961 1 | 36.46 | 0.961 1 | 39.09 | 0.970 5 | 40.47 | 0.975 2 |
| BU-MRI | 33.31 | 0.770 6 | 35.79 | 0.858 1 | 37.93 | 0.908 6 | 41.41 | 0.956 3 | 44.42 | 0.976 5 |
| p | DIFF-MRI | BU-MRI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | |
| 0.20 | 32.18 | 0.904 3 | 31.16 | 0.744 6 |
| 0.25 | 33.14 | 0.916 8 | 33.03 | 0.819 5 |
| 0.30 | 34.06 | 0.926 5 | 34.47 | 0.861 9 |
| 0.40 | 35.67 | 0.940 2 | 37.30 | 0.919 3 |
| 0.50 | 36.73 | 0.948 2 | 40.37 | 0.954 7 |
表4 不同欠采样比例下DIFF-MRI与BU-MRI的大脑MRI重建性能对比
Tab. 4 Comparison of brain MRI reconstruction performance between DIFF-MRI and BU-MRI at different undersampling rates
| p | DIFF-MRI | BU-MRI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSNR/dB | SSIM | PSNR/dB | SSIM | |
| 0.20 | 32.18 | 0.904 3 | 31.16 | 0.744 6 |
| 0.25 | 33.14 | 0.916 8 | 33.03 | 0.819 5 |
| 0.30 | 34.06 | 0.926 5 | 34.47 | 0.861 9 |
| 0.40 | 35.67 | 0.940 2 | 37.30 | 0.919 3 |
| 0.50 | 36.73 | 0.948 2 | 40.37 | 0.954 7 |
图11 不同欠采样比例下DIFF-MRI与BU-MRI的大脑MRI重建残差图对比
Fig. 11 Comparison of residual maps for brain MRI reconstruction between DIFF-MRI and BU-MRI at different undersampling rates
| PSNR/dB | SSIM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 48.26 | 0.970 4 | |
| 0 | 0 | 48.14 | 0.970 1 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 45.17 | 0.940 6 | |
| 0 | 0 | 45.85 | 0.948 2 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 28.55 | 0.329 3 | ||
| 0 | 29.04 | 0.343 7 | |||
| 0 | 0 | 26.66 | 0.268 0 | ||
| 0 | 26.36 | 0.259 9 | |||
| 0 | 0 | 47.99 | 0.968 1 | ||
| 0 | 48.21 | 0.970 2 | |||
| 0 | 0 | 44.83 | 0.937 8 | ||
| 0 | 45.59 | 0.942 6 | |||
| 0 | 28.85 | 0.337 6 | |||
| 28.72 | 0.335 3 | ||||
| 0 | 26.59 | 0.269 7 | |||
| 26.28 | 0.261 9 |
表5 不同参数时的性能对比
Tab. 5 Performance comparison of different parameters
| PSNR/dB | SSIM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 48.26 | 0.970 4 | |
| 0 | 0 | 48.14 | 0.970 1 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 45.17 | 0.940 6 | |
| 0 | 0 | 45.85 | 0.948 2 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 28.55 | 0.329 3 | ||
| 0 | 29.04 | 0.343 7 | |||
| 0 | 0 | 26.66 | 0.268 0 | ||
| 0 | 26.36 | 0.259 9 | |||
| 0 | 0 | 47.99 | 0.968 1 | ||
| 0 | 48.21 | 0.970 2 | |||
| 0 | 0 | 44.83 | 0.937 8 | ||
| 0 | 45.59 | 0.942 6 | |||
| 0 | 28.85 | 0.337 6 | |||
| 28.72 | 0.335 3 | ||||
| 0 | 26.59 | 0.269 7 | |||
| 26.28 | 0.261 9 |
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